Department of Public Health and History of Science, School of Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
Health and Biomedical Research Institute of Alicante (ISABIAL), Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 30010 Alicante, Spain.
Nutrients. 2023 Aug 14;15(16):3575. doi: 10.3390/nu15163575.
(1) Objective: to identify and review existing infodemiological studies on nutritional disorders applied to occupational health and to analyse the effect of the intervention on body mass index (BMI) or alternatively body weight (BW); (2) Methods: This study involved a critical analysis of articles retrieved from MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American, and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Medicina en Español (MEDES) using the descriptors "Nutrition Disorders, "Occupational Health" and "Infodemiology", applying the filters "Humans" and "Adult: 19+ years". The search was conducted on 29 May 2021; (3) Results: a total of 357 references were identified from the bibliographic database searches; after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 11 valid studies were obtained for the review. Interventions could be categorised into (1) interventions related to lifestyle, physical activity, and dietary changes through education programmes, (2) interventions associated with lifestyle, physical activity, and dietary changes through the use of telemonitoring systems or self-help applications, (3) interventions tied to lifestyle, physical activity, and dietary changes through control and/or social network support groups, and (4) interventions linked to changes in the work environment, including behavioural change training and work environment training tasks. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the heterogeneity present when analysing the results for BMI was 72% ( < 0.01), which decreased to 0% ( = 0.57) when analysing the outcomes for weight, in which case the null hypothesis of homogeneity could be accepted. In all instances, the final summary of the effect was on the decreasing side for both BMI and BW; (4) Conclusions: Despite the high heterogeneity of the results reported, the trend shown in all cases indicates that the intervention methodologies implemented by empowering individuals through Web 2.0 technologies are positive in terms of the problem of overweight. Further implementation of novel strategies to support individuals is needed to overcome obesity, and, at least in the early studies, these strategies seem to be making the necessary change.
(1) 目的：识别和综述应用于职业健康的营养障碍的现有信息流行病学研究，并分析干预对体重指数（BMI）或体重（BW）的影响；(2) 方法：本研究通过使用“营养障碍”、“职业健康”和“信息流行病学”的描述词，从 MEDLINE（通过 PubMed）、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆、PsycINFO、Scopus、Web of Science、拉丁美洲和加勒比健康科学文献（LILACS）和 Medicina en Español（MEDES）中检索文章，并使用“人类”和“成人：19 岁及以上”作为筛选器，对 2021 年 5 月 29 日之前发表的文献进行了批判性分析；(3) 结果：从文献数据库检索中共确定了 357 条参考文献；在应用纳入和排除标准后，共获得了 11 项有效研究进行综述。干预措施可分为以下几类：(1) 通过教育计划改变生活方式、增加身体活动和调整饮食的干预措施；(2) 通过使用远程监测系统或自助应用程序改变生活方式、增加身体活动和调整饮食的干预措施；(3) 通过控制和/或社会网络支持小组改变生活方式、增加身体活动和调整饮食的干预措施；(4) 通过改变工作环境改变生活方式、增加身体活动和调整饮食的干预措施，包括行为改变培训和工作环境培训任务。荟萃分析表明，分析 BMI 结果时存在的异质性为 72%（<0.01），当分析体重结果时异质性降低至 0%（=0.57），此时可以接受同质性的零假设。在所有情况下，BMI 和 BW 的最终综合效应都呈下降趋势；(4) 结论：尽管报告的结果存在高度异质性，但所有情况下的趋势都表明，通过 Web 2.0 技术赋予个人权力的干预方法在超重问题上是积极的。需要进一步实施支持个人的新策略来克服肥胖，至少在早期研究中，这些策略似乎正在进行必要的改变。
