School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK.
Nutrients. 2023 Aug 14;15(16):3579. doi: 10.3390/nu15163579.
The main objective of the current study was to perform a systematic literature review with the purpose of exploring the impact of long-chain -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-3 PUFA) relative to control oil supplementation on muscle strength, with secondary outcomes of muscle mass and physical function in older individuals under conditions of habitual physical activity/exercise. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021267011) and followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The search for relevant studies was performed utilizing databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in older adults comparing the effects of LC-3 PUFA with a control oil supplement on muscle strength were included. Five studies involving a total of 488 participants (348 females and 140 males) were identified that met the specified inclusion criteria and were included. Upon analyzing the collective data from these studies, it was observed that supplementation with LC-3 PUFA did not have a significant impact on grip strength (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.61, 95% confidence interval [-0.05, 1.27]; = 0.07) in comparison to the control group. However, there was a considerable level of heterogeneity among the studies ( = 90%; < 0.001). As secondary outcomes were only measured in a few studies, with significant heterogeneity in methods, meta-analyses of muscle mass and functional abilities were not performed. Papers with measures of knee extensor muscle mass as an outcome ( = 3) found increases with LC-3 PUFA supplementation, but studies measuring whole body lean/muscle mass ( = 2) and functional abilities ( = 4) reported mixed results. With a limited number of studies, our data indicate that LC-3 PUFA supplementation has no effect on muscle strength or functional abilities in older adults but may increase muscle mass, although, with only a few studies and considerable heterogeneity, further work is needed to confirm these findings.
本研究的主要目的是进行系统文献综述，旨在探讨长链-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-3PUFA）相对于对照油补充剂对肌肉力量的影响，次要结果为习惯性体力活动/运动条件下老年人的肌肉质量和身体功能。综述方案在 PROSPERO（CRD42021267011）上进行了注册，并遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）声明中概述的指南。使用 PubMed、EMBASE、CINAHL、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库（CENTRAL）等数据库检索相关研究，检索截至 2023 年 6 月。纳入了比较 LC-3PUFA 与对照油补充剂对肌肉力量影响的老年人随机对照试验（RCT）。确定了符合特定纳入标准并纳入的五项研究，共涉及 488 名参与者（348 名女性和 140 名男性）。对这些研究的综合数据进行分析后发现，与对照组相比，LC-3PUFA 补充剂对握力没有显著影响（标准化均数差（SMD）0.61，95%置信区间[-0.05，1.27]； = 0.07）。然而，研究之间存在相当大的异质性（ = 90%；<0.001）。由于次要结局仅在少数研究中进行了测量，且方法存在显著异质性，因此未进行肌肉质量和功能能力的荟萃分析。有 3 篇研究报告了膝关节伸肌肌肉质量的测量结果，发现 LC-3PUFA 补充剂增加了肌肉质量，但有 2 篇研究测量了全身瘦体重/肌肉质量，4 篇研究报告了功能能力，结果喜忧参半。由于研究数量有限，我们的数据表明，LC-3PUFA 补充剂对老年人的肌肉力量或功能能力没有影响，但可能会增加肌肉质量，但由于研究数量较少且异质性较大，需要进一步研究来证实这些发现。
