Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Nutrients. 2022 May 26;14(11):2221. doi: 10.3390/nu14112221.
Sarcopenia negatively affects skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise training (RET), is suggested to play a role as a therapeutic component to prevent or treat the negative effects of sarcopenia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the impact of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation with or without RET on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (≥55 y). The data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. All the study types involving ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (without disease) were included. The mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Sixteen studies (1660 females, 778 males) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. ω-3 fatty acid supplementation did not impact lean tissue mass (SMD 0.09 [-0.10, 0.28]). Benefits were observed for lower body strength (SMD 0.54 [0.33, 0.75]), timed-up-and-go (MD 0.29 [0.23, 0.35]s), and 30-s sit-to-stand performance (MD 1.93 [1.59, 2.26] repetitions) but not walking performance (SMD -0.01 [-0.10, 0.07]) or upper body strength (SMD 0.05 [-0.04, 0.13]). Supplementing with ω-3 fatty acids may improve the lower-body strength and functionality in older adults.
肌肉减少症会对老年人的骨骼肌质量和功能产生负面影响。ω-3（ω-3）脂肪酸补充剂，无论是否结合抗阻运动训练（RET），都被认为是一种治疗成分，可以预防或治疗肌肉减少症的负面影响。对 ω-3 脂肪酸补充剂结合或不结合 RET 对老年人（≥55 岁）肌肉质量和功能测量的影响进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。数据来源包括 SPORTDiscus、PubMed 和 Medline。所有涉及 ω-3 脂肪酸补充剂对无疾病的老年人肌肉质量和功能测量的研究类型均被纳入。计算了均数差值（MDs）或标准化均数差值（SMDs）及其 95%置信区间，并评估了汇总效应。符合纳入标准的 16 项研究（女性 1660 名，男性 778 名）被纳入荟萃分析。ω-3 脂肪酸补充剂对瘦组织质量没有影响（SMD 0.09 [-0.10, 0.28]）。下肢力量（SMD 0.54 [0.33, 0.75]）、计时起立行走（MD 0.29 [0.23, 0.35]s）和 30 秒坐立站起（MD 1.93 [1.59, 2.26]次）表现有改善，但步行表现（SMD -0.01 [-0.10, 0.07]）或上肢力量（SMD 0.05 [-0.04, 0.13]）没有改善。补充 ω-3 脂肪酸可能会改善老年人的下肢力量和功能。
