Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Department of Clinical Research Facilitation, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Nutrients. 2023 Aug 18;15(16):3628. doi: 10.3390/nu15163628.
Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. Age-related decline in the secretion of growth hormone (GH), a condition called somatopause, is thought to play a role in sarcopenia. As pharmacological GH has adverse effects, we attempted to increase physiological GH. While the relationship between chewing and ghrelin levels has been studied, there are no reports on the relationship between chewing and GH. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of chewing on the muscle anabolic hormones serum GH and plasma ghrelin. Thirteen healthy adults ingested a chewy nutrition bar containing 5.56 g of protein, 12.71 g of carbohydrate, and 0.09 g of fat on two different days, chewing before swallowing in one trial and swallowing without chewing in the other. Blood samples were taken before and after ingestion (0, 15, 30, and 60 min); GH, acylated ghrelin, glucose, insulin, amino acids, and lactate were measured. Two-way repeated ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the GH concentrations between the "Chew trial" and "Swallow trial" in females ( = 0.0054). However, post-hoc analyses found no statistically significant difference at each time point. The area under the curve of the percentage increase in GH was significantly increased in the "Chew trial" compared with the "Swallow trial" in females (12,203 ± 15,402% min vs. 3735 ± 988% min, = 0.0488). Chewing had no effect on glucose, insulin, amino acids, or lactate concentrations. Thus, we found that chewing a protein supplement rather than swallowing it without chewing elevates the blood GH concentration. These results serve as a rationale for larger research and longitudinal studies to confirm the impacts of chewing on GH secretion.
肌肉减少症是一种与年龄相关的病症，其特征是肌肉质量和力量逐渐丧失。生长激素（GH）的分泌随着年龄的增长而下降，这种情况称为 somatopause，被认为在肌肉减少症中起作用。由于药理学上的 GH 有不良反应，我们试图增加生理 GH。虽然咀嚼和 ghrelin 水平之间的关系已经被研究过，但没有关于咀嚼和 GH 之间关系的报告。本研究旨在阐明咀嚼对肌肉合成激素血清 GH 和血浆 ghrelin 的影响。13 名健康成年人在两天内分别食用了含有 5.56 克蛋白质、12.71 克碳水化合物和 0.09 克脂肪的咀嚼营养棒，一次试验中咀嚼后吞咽，另一次试验中直接吞咽。在摄入前后（0、15、30 和 60 分钟）采集血液样本；测量 GH、酰化 ghrelin、葡萄糖、胰岛素、氨基酸和乳酸。双因素重复方差分析显示，女性“咀嚼试验”和“吞咽试验”之间 GH 浓度存在显著差异（ = 0.0054）。然而，事后分析发现每个时间点均无统计学差异。与“吞咽试验”相比，“咀嚼试验”中 GH 增加百分比的曲线下面积显著增加（女性：12,203 ± 15,402% min 比 3735 ± 988% min， = 0.0488）。咀嚼对葡萄糖、胰岛素、氨基酸或乳酸浓度没有影响。因此，我们发现咀嚼蛋白质补充剂而不是不咀嚼吞咽可以提高血液 GH 浓度。这些结果为更大规模的研究和纵向研究提供了依据，以确认咀嚼对 GH 分泌的影响。
