Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universty of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2023 Oct;73:173-184. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.005. Epub 2023 Aug 21.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles secreted from almost all types of cells including bacteria, mammals and plants, and are presumed to be mediators of intercellular communication. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanoparticles with diverse diameters, ranging from 20 to 400 nm. BEVs are composed of soluble microbial metabolites, including nucleic acid, proteins, lipoglycans, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, EVs may contain quorum sensing peptides that are endowed with the ability to protect bacteria against bacteriophages, form and maintain bacterial communities, and modulate the host immune system. BEVs are potentially promising therapeutic modalities for use in vaccine development, cancer immunotherapy regimens, and drug delivery cargos. Plant-derived EVs (PEVs), such as EVs derived from herbal medicines, can be absorbed by the gut microbiota and influence the composition and homeostasis of gut microbiota. This review highlights the roles of BEVs and PEVs in bacterial and plant physiology and discusses crosstalk among gut bacteria, host metabolism and herbal medicine. In summary, EVs represent crucial communication messengers in the gut microbiota, with potential therapeutic value in the delivery of herbal medicines.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是一种纳米级脂质双层包裹的粒子，几乎所有类型的细胞都能分泌，包括细菌、哺乳动物和植物，并被认为是细胞间通讯的介质。细菌细胞外囊泡 (BEVs) 是直径从 20 到 400nm 不等的纳米颗粒。BEVs 由可溶性微生物代谢物组成，包括核酸、蛋白质、脂多糖和短链脂肪酸 (SCFAs)。此外，EVs 可能含有群体感应肽，这些肽具有保护细菌免受噬菌体侵害、形成和维持细菌群落以及调节宿主免疫系统的能力。BEVs 是疫苗开发、癌症免疫治疗方案和药物递送载体等方面有应用潜力的治疗方法。植物来源的 EVs (PEVs)，如草药衍生的 EVs，可以被肠道微生物群吸收，并影响肠道微生物群的组成和动态平衡。本综述强调了 BEVs 和 PEVs 在细菌和植物生理学中的作用，并讨论了肠道细菌、宿主代谢和草药之间的串扰。总之，EVs 是肠道微生物群中重要的通讯信使，在草药的递送方面具有潜在的治疗价值。
