James G D, Yee L S, Harshfield G A, Blank S G, Pickering T G
Psychosom Med. 1986 Sep-Oct;48(7):502-8. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198609000-00005.
Differences in blood pressure associated with reported happiness, anger, and anxiety are examined among 90 borderline hypertensives during 24-hr blood pressure monitoring. There were 1152 individual ambulatory blood pressure readings for which subjects classified their emotional state as happy (n = 628), angry (n = 67), or anxious (n = 457) on scales from one (low) to ten (high). Pressures were transformed to z-scores using the subject's 24-hr mean and standard deviation to assess relative elevation during reported emotional arousal. The results show that emotional arousal significantly increases systolic and diastolic pressure (p less than 0.00001), an effect independent of posture and location of subject during measurement (at work, home, or elsewhere). On average, pressures during reported angry or anxious states were higher than those during a happy state (p less than 0.01). Examination of arousal intensity showed that scores on the happiness scale were inversely related to systolic pressure (p less than 0.01) whereas the degree of anxiety was positively associated with diastolic pressure (p less than 0.02). Emotional effects were also related to the degree of individual daily pressure variation such that the greater the variability, the larger the blood pressure change associated with the emotions. The results suggest that happiness, anger, and anxiety increase blood pressure to differing degrees and that emotional effects may be greater in individuals with more labile blood pressure.
在90名临界高血压患者进行24小时血压监测期间，研究了与所报告的幸福、愤怒和焦虑相关的血压差异。共有1152次个体动态血压读数，受试者在1（低）至10（高）的量表上对自己的情绪状态进行了分类，分别为幸福（n = 628）、愤怒（n = 67）或焦虑（n = 457）。使用受试者的24小时均值和标准差将血压转换为z分数，以评估所报告的情绪唤醒期间的相对升高情况。结果表明，情绪唤醒会显著增加收缩压和舒张压（p < 0.00001），这种影响与测量期间受试者的姿势和位置（工作、家中或其他地方）无关。平均而言，报告愤怒或焦虑状态时的血压高于幸福状态时的血压（p < 0.01）。对唤醒强度的检查表明，幸福量表得分与收缩压呈负相关（p < 0.01），而焦虑程度与舒张压呈正相关（p < 0.02）。情绪影响也与个体每日血压变化程度有关，即变化越大，与情绪相关的血压变化就越大。结果表明，幸福、愤怒和焦虑会不同程度地升高血压，并且在血压更不稳定的个体中，情绪影响可能更大。
