Xue Jiaojiao, Zhang Ziwei, Sun Yuting, Jin Di, Guo Liming, Li Xiangyan, Zhao Daqing, Feng Xiaochun, Qi Wenxiu, Zhu Haoyu
College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
J Inflamm Res. 2023 Aug 23;16:3593-3617. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S418166. eCollection 2023.
Endothelial cells (ECs) are widely distributed inside the vascular network, forming a vital barrier between the bloodstream and the walls of blood vessels. These versatile cells serve myriad functions, including the regulation of vascular tension and the management of hemostasis and thrombosis. Inflammation constitutes a cascade of biological responses incited by biological, chemical, or physical stimuli. While inflammation is inherently a protective mechanism, dysregulated inflammation can precipitate a host of vascular pathologies. ECs play a critical role in the genesis and progression of vascular inflammation, which has been implicated in the etiology of numerous vascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, and sepsis. Upon activation, ECs secrete potent inflammatory mediators that elicit both innate and adaptive immune reactions, culminating in inflammation. To date, no comprehensive and nuanced account of the research progress concerning ECs and inflammation in vascular-related maladies exists. Consequently, this review endeavors to synthesize the contributions of ECs to inflammatory processes, delineate the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulation, and categorize and consolidate the various models and treatment strategies for vascular-related diseases. It is our aspiration that this review furnishes cogent experimental evidence supporting the established link between endothelial inflammation and vascular-related pathologies, offers a theoretical foundation for clinical investigations, and imparts valuable insights for the development of therapeutic agents targeting these diseases.
内皮细胞（ECs）广泛分布于血管网络内部，在血流与血管壁之间形成一道至关重要的屏障。这些多功能细胞具有多种功能，包括调节血管张力以及控制止血和血栓形成。炎症是由生物、化学或物理刺激引发的一系列生物反应。虽然炎症本质上是一种保护机制，但炎症失调会引发许多血管病变。内皮细胞在血管炎症的发生和发展中起关键作用，而血管炎症与多种血管疾病的病因有关，如动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病和败血症。激活后，内皮细胞会分泌强效炎症介质，引发先天性和适应性免疫反应，最终导致炎症。迄今为止，尚无关于血管相关疾病中内皮细胞与炎症研究进展的全面而细致的阐述。因此，本综述致力于综合内皮细胞对炎症过程的作用，描述参与调节的分子信号通路，并对血管相关疾病的各种模型和治疗策略进行分类和整合。我们期望本综述提供有力的实验证据，支持内皮炎症与血管相关病变之间已确立的联系，为临床研究提供理论基础，并为针对这些疾病的治疗药物开发提供有价值的见解。
