Rantakallio P, Leskinen M, von Wendt L
Scand J Infect Dis. 1986;18(4):287-94. doi: 10.3109/00365548609032339.
All types of central nervous system (CNS) infections were investigated in a 1966 birth cohort of 12,000 children from Northern Finland followed up from birth to the age of 14. 174 CNS infections occurred in 167 children, 110 boys and 64 girls. The annual incidence of bacterial CNS infections was 36.3/100,000 and that of viral infections 688.0/100 000. It is concluded that bacterial CNS infections were recorded very fully but only 2/3 of the viral infections could be traced, even though the more severe cases were quite well documented. 8/55 children (14.5%) with bacterial meningitis died; the corresponding figure for viral encephalitis and meningitis (excluding mumps) was 3/67 (4.5%). 17/55 (30.9%) developed mental retardation, epilepsy, cerebral palsy or hearing defect or some combination of these after bacterial CNS infection, and 9 (8.1%) after viral infection. The difference with respect to the children who had not experienced CNS infection was statistically significant only for the bacterial infection cases. CNS infections explained 7.6% of all deaths from 28 days to 14 years, 3% of the handicapping cases of cerebral palsy, mental retardation and epilepsy or some combination of these, and 6.6% of the hearing defects.
对来自芬兰北部的一个1966年出生队列中的12000名儿童进行了从出生到14岁的随访，调查了所有类型的中枢神经系统（CNS）感染情况。167名儿童发生了174例CNS感染，其中男孩110名，女孩64名。细菌性CNS感染的年发病率为36.3/10万，病毒性感染为688.0/10万。得出的结论是，细菌性CNS感染记录得非常完整，但即使较为严重的病例记录得相当详细，也只能追踪到2/3的病毒感染病例。55例细菌性脑膜炎患儿中有8例（14.5%）死亡；病毒性脑炎和脑膜炎（不包括腮腺炎）的相应数字为67例中有3例（4.5%）。55例细菌性CNS感染患儿中有17例（30.9%）在感染后出现智力发育迟缓、癫痫、脑瘫或听力缺陷或这些情况的某种组合，病毒性感染后有9例（8.1%）出现上述情况。与未经历CNS感染的儿童相比，差异仅在细菌感染病例中具有统计学意义。CNS感染占28天至14岁所有死亡病例的7.6%，占脑瘫、智力发育迟缓、癫痫或这些情况某种组合的致残病例的3%，以及听力缺陷的6.6%。
