Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Centre for Sleep and Cognition (CSC), and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research (TMR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health and Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Trends Neurosci. 2023 Oct;46(10):847-862. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.007. Epub 2023 Aug 28.
To understand human brain development it is necessary to describe not only the spatiotemporal patterns of neurodevelopment but also the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie them. Human neuroimaging studies have provided evidence for a hierarchical sensorimotor-to-association (S-A) axis of cortical neurodevelopment. Understanding the biological mechanisms that underlie this program of development using traditional neuroimaging approaches has been challenging. Animal models have been used to identify periods of enhanced experience-dependent plasticity - 'critical periods' - that progress along cortical hierarchies and are governed by a conserved set of neurobiological mechanisms that promote and then restrict plasticity. In this review we hypothesize that the S-A axis of cortical development in humans is partly driven by the cascading maturation of critical period plasticity mechanisms. We then describe how recent advances in in vivo neuroimaging approaches provide a promising path toward testing this hypothesis by linking signals derived from non-invasive imaging to critical period mechanisms.
为了理解人类大脑的发育，不仅需要描述神经发育的时空模式，还需要描述其潜在的神经生物学机制。人类神经影像学研究为皮质神经发育的分层感觉运动到联合（S-A）轴提供了证据。使用传统的神经影像学方法来理解这一发育计划背后的生物学机制具有一定的挑战性。动物模型已被用于确定增强经验依赖性可塑性的时期——“关键期”，这些时期沿着皮质层次结构推进，受一套保守的神经生物学机制的支配，这些机制促进并限制了可塑性。在这篇综述中，我们假设人类皮质发育的 S-A 轴部分是由关键期可塑性机制的级联成熟驱动的。然后，我们描述了如何通过将非侵入性成像产生的信号与关键期机制联系起来，利用体内神经影像学方法的最新进展为验证这一假设提供了有希望的途径。
