Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China.
School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
Microb Cell Fact. 2023 Aug 29;22(1):165. doi: 10.1186/s12934-023-02163-6.
3-Hydroxybutanone (Acetoin, AC) and 2,3-butanediol (BD) are two essential four-carbon platform compounds with numerous pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis applications. AC and BD have two and three stereoisomers, respectively, while the application of the single isomer product in chemical synthesis is superior. AC and BD are glucose overflow metabolites produced by biological fermentation from a variety of microorganisms. However, the AC or BD produced by microorganisms using glucose is typically a mixture of various stereoisomers. This was discovered to be due to the simultaneous presence of multiple butanediol dehydrogenases (BDHs) in microorganisms, and AC and BD can be interconverted under BDH catalysis. In this paper, beginning with the synthesis pathways of microbial AC and BD, we review in detail the studies on the formation mechanisms of different stereoisomers of AC and BD, summarize the properties of different types of BDH that have been tabulated, and analyze the structural characteristics and affinities of different types of BDH by comparing them using literature and biological database data. Using microorganisms, recent research on the production of optically pure AC or BD was also reviewed. Limiting factors and possible solutions for chiral AC and BD production are discussed.
3-羟基丁酮（乙酰基丙同，AC）和 2,3-丁二醇（BD）是两种重要的四碳平台化合物，具有众多药物和化学合成应用。AC 和 BD 分别具有两个和三个立体异构体，而单一对映异构体产品在化学合成中的应用更具优势。AC 和 BD 是生物发酵从各种微生物中产生的葡萄糖溢出代谢物。然而，微生物利用葡萄糖产生的 AC 或 BD 通常是各种立体异构体的混合物。这是由于微生物中同时存在多种丁二醇脱氢酶（BDH），并且在 BDH 催化下 AC 和 BD 可以相互转化。在本文中，我们从微生物 AC 和 BD 的合成途径开始，详细回顾了 AC 和 BD 不同立体异构体形成机制的研究，总结了已列出的不同类型 BDH 的性质，并通过比较文献和生物数据库数据分析了不同类型 BDH 的结构特征和亲和力。还综述了利用微生物生产光学纯 AC 或 BD 的最新研究。讨论了手性 AC 和 BD 生产的限制因素和可能的解决方案。
