Duan Liwei, Wang Zongliang, Fan Shuang, Wang Chen, Zhang Yi
The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 14;11:1258666. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1258666. eCollection 2023.
Substantial interests have been attracted to multiple bioactive and biomimetic biomaterials in recent decades because of their ability in presenting a structural and functional reconstruction of urinary tissues. Some innovative technologies have also been surging in urinary tissue engineering and urological regeneration by providing insights into the physiological behavior of the urinary system. As such, the hierarchical structure and tissue function of the bladder, urethra, and ureter can be reproduced similarly to the native urinary tissues. This review aims to summarize recent advances in functional biomaterials and biomimetic technologies toward urological reconstruction. Various nanofirous biomaterials derived from decellularized natural tissues, synthetic biopolymers, and hybrid scaffolds were developed with desired microstructure, surface chemistry, and mechanical properties. Some growth factors, drugs, as well as inorganic nanomaterials were also utilized to enhance the biological activity and functionality of scaffolds. Notably, it is emphasized that advanced approaches, such as 3D (bio) printing and organoids, have also been developed to facilitate structural and functional regeneration of the urological system. So in this review, we discussed the fabrication strategies, physiochemical properties, and biofunctional modification of regenerative biomaterials and their potential clinical application of fast-evolving technologies. In addition, future prospective and commercial products are further proposed and discussed.
近几十年来，多种生物活性和仿生生物材料因其能够对泌尿组织进行结构和功能重建而备受关注。一些创新技术也在泌尿组织工程和泌尿外科再生领域蓬勃发展，为深入了解泌尿系统的生理行为提供了思路。因此，膀胱、尿道和输尿管的层级结构和组织功能能够被类似地重现，与天然泌尿组织相似。本综述旨在总结功能性生物材料和仿生技术在泌尿外科重建方面的最新进展。人们开发了各种源自脱细胞天然组织、合成生物聚合物和混合支架的纳米纤维生物材料，使其具有所需的微观结构、表面化学性质和机械性能。一些生长因子、药物以及无机纳米材料也被用于增强支架的生物活性和功能。值得注意的是，文中强调还开发了先进的方法，如3D（生物）打印和类器官，以促进泌尿系统的结构和功能再生。所以在本综述中，我们讨论了再生生物材料的制备策略、理化性质和生物功能修饰，以及它们在快速发展的技术中的潜在临床应用。此外，还进一步提出并讨论了未来展望和商业产品。
