College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Department of Nutrition and Institute for Global Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Dev Sci. 2024 Sep;27(5):e13439. doi: 10.1111/desc.13439. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
Measures of attention and memory were evaluated in 6- to 9-month-old infants from two diverse contexts. One sample consisted of African infants residing in rural Malawi (N = 228, 118 girls, 110 boys). The other sample consisted of racially diverse infants residing in suburban California (N = 48, 24 girls, 24 boys). Infants were tested in an eye-tracking version of the visual paired comparison procedure and were shown racially familiar faces. The eye tracking data were parsed into individual looks, revealing that both groups of infants showed significant memory performance. However, how a look was operationally defined impacted some-but not other-measures of infant VPC performance. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: In both the US and Malawi, 6- to 9-month-old infants showed evidence of memory for faces they had previously viewed during a familiarization period. Infant age was associated with peak look duration and memory performance in both contexts. Different operational definitions of a look yielded consistent findings for peak look duration and novelty preference scores-but not shift rate. Operationalization of look-defined measures is an important consideration for studies of infants in different cultural contexts.
本研究在两种不同背景下评估了 6-9 个月大婴儿的注意力和记忆测量值。一个样本由居住在马拉维农村的非洲婴儿组成（N=228，118 名女孩，110 名男孩）。另一个样本由居住在加利福尼亚郊区的不同种族的婴儿组成（N=48，24 名女孩，24 名男孩）。婴儿在视觉配对比较程序的眼动追踪版本中接受测试，并展示了种族熟悉的面孔。眼动追踪数据被解析为个体注视，结果表明两组婴儿均表现出明显的记忆表现。然而，注视的操作定义如何影响了婴儿 VPC 表现的一些（但不是其他）测量值。研究亮点：在美 国和马拉维，6-9 个月大的婴儿表现出对在熟悉期看过的面孔的记忆证据。婴儿年龄与两个背景中的注视持续时间峰值和记忆表现相关。注视定义的不同操作化定义产生了一致的结果，用于注视持续时间峰值和新颖性偏好得分-但不是转移率。对于在不同文化背景下的婴儿研究，注视定义措施的操作化是一个重要的考虑因素。
