澳大利亚儿童参与体育运动与心理社会健康的关系：一项为期 8 年的纵向研究。
Association Between Sports Participation and Psychosocial Wellbeing of Australian Children: An 8-year Longitudinal Study.
机构信息
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
出版信息
J Adolesc Health. 2023 Dec;73(6):1117-1124. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.07.011. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
PURPOSE
Sports participation is associated with children's health and wellbeing; however, existing evidence is predominantly based on cross-sectional studies. This study examined the longitudinal association of sports participation with psychosocial wellbeing of Australian children.
METHODS
Data were from five waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children aged 6-7 years in 2010 (n = 4,242) and followed up until 2018. Outcomes were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Sports participation was measured using two items assessing regular participation in team and individual sports.
RESULTS
Multilevel mixed effects modeling showed that any sports participation was beneficially associated with psychosocial wellbeing. Boys who participated in team sports had 1.78 point lower difficulties score (β = -1.78; 95% confidence interval: --2.01,-1.55), while this was 0.58 points lower for individual sports (β =-0.58; -0.81,-0.34). In girls, difficulties score was 1.22 point lower for team sports (β = -1.22; -1.44,-1.00) and 0.49 point lower for individual sports (β = -0.49; -0.71,-0.26). Sports participation was positively associated with better quality of life with team sports (β = 4.72; 4.15,5.28 for boys; β = 3.44; 2.87,4.00 for girls) offering more benefits than individual sports (β = 1.00; 0.83,1.98 for boys; β = 1.40; 0.83,1.98 for girls). Participation in both team and individual sports had the strongest benefits. Prolonged engagement in sports was associated with better psychosocial wellbeing in a dose-dependent manner.
DISCUSSION
Regular participation in any sports can benefit children's wellbeing with team sports being more beneficial than individual sports. Encouraging children to regularly participate and remain engaged in sports can help to optimize their psychosocial wellbeing.
目的
参与体育运动与儿童的健康和幸福有关；然而，现有证据主要基于横断面研究。本研究旨在考察澳大利亚儿童参与体育运动与心理社会健康的纵向关联。
方法
本研究的数据来自于 2010 年对 6-7 岁的澳大利亚儿童进行的五次纵向研究（n=4242），并随访至 2018 年。使用《长处和困难问卷》和《儿科生活质量量表》评估结果。运动参与情况通过评估参加团体和个人运动的两个项目来衡量。
结果
多层次混合效应模型显示，任何形式的体育参与都对心理社会健康有益。参加团体运动的男孩在困难评分上低 1.78 分（β=-1.78；95%置信区间：-2.01，-1.55），而个人运动则低 0.58 分（β=-0.58；-0.81，-0.34）。在女孩中，团体运动的困难评分低 1.22 分（β=-1.22；-1.44，-1.00），个人运动低 0.49 分（β=-0.49；-0.71，-0.26）。运动参与与更好的生活质量呈正相关，团体运动（β=4.72；男孩为 4.15，5.28；女孩为 3.44；2.87，4.00）比个人运动（β=1.00；男孩为 0.83，1.98；女孩为 1.40；0.83，1.98）带来更多的益处。同时参与团体和个人运动的益处最大。体育活动的长期参与与心理社会健康呈剂量依赖性相关。
讨论
定期参加任何形式的运动都可以使儿童受益，其中团体运动比个人运动更有益。鼓励儿童定期参与并保持运动，有助于优化他们的心理社会健康。
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