运动参与与心理社会健康：儿童的纵向观察研究。
Sports participation and psychosocial health: a longitudinal observational study in children.
机构信息
Department of Human Movement and Education, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Campus 2-6, Zwolle, 8017, CA, The Netherlands.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2018 Jun 7;18(1):702. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5624-1.
BACKGROUND
It is well known that sports participation is positively associated with psychosocial health in children, but details about this association over time are lacking. This study aimed to explore longitudinal associations between several characteristics of sports participation and three aspects of psychosocial health (internalizing problems, externalizing problems and prosocial behaviour) in Dutch children aged 10-12 years.
METHODS
Data from 695 fourth-grade primary school children were included at baseline; 10-13 months later, 487 children (response rate 70.1%) were retained. At both time points, children reported on their sports participation (Move and Sports Monitor Questionnaire - Youth Aged 8-12 Years) and psychosocial health (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire). Longitudinal associations between several characteristics of sports participation and the three aspects of psychosocial health were analysed using linear mixed models, both clustering the repeated measures within children and clustering the children within schools. In addition to crude analyses, analyses were performed adjusting for sex, age, BMI, household composition, SES and frequency of sports participation.
RESULTS
Membership in a sports club, moderate or high frequency of sports participation, performing team sports, performing outdoor sports, performing contact sports and involvement in competition were longitudinally associated with fewer internalizing problems. The longitudinal association of higher frequency of sports participation with fewer internalizing problems was stronger as a child's BMI increased. The association of performing team sports with fewer internalizing problems was only observed for boys. Membership in a sports club and moderate or high frequency of sports participation were also longitudinally associated with better prosocial behaviour. These associations with prosocial behaviour were stronger for girls. None of the characteristics of sports participation examined were longitudinally associated with externalizing problems.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that from a longitudinal perspective, fewer internalizing problems and better prosocial behaviour were seen in children who were active in sports. Fewer internalizing problems were also associated with the kind of sports participation; for example, with performing outdoor sports. No associations were found for externalizing problems. Future research should preferably take the form of an intervention to investigate whether the observed statistical associations are of a causal nature.
背景
众所周知，运动参与与儿童的心理社会健康呈正相关，但缺乏关于这种关联随时间变化的详细信息。本研究旨在探讨荷兰 10-12 岁儿童运动参与的几个特征与心理社会健康三个方面（内化问题、外化问题和亲社会行为）之间的纵向关联。
方法
本研究纳入了 695 名四年级小学生的基线数据；10-13 个月后，有 487 名儿童（应答率为 70.1%）保留下来。在这两个时间点，儿童都报告了他们的运动参与情况（运动和运动监测问卷-8-12 岁青少年）和心理社会健康状况（长处和困难问卷）。使用线性混合模型分析了运动参与的几个特征与心理社会健康三个方面之间的纵向关联，同时在儿童内部对重复测量进行聚类，并在学校内部对儿童进行聚类。除了进行粗略分析外，还对性别、年龄、BMI、家庭构成、SES 和运动参与频率进行了调整。
结果
参加运动俱乐部、运动频率较高、参加团队运动、进行户外运动、参加接触性运动和参与比赛与较少的内化问题有关。随着儿童 BMI 的增加，较高的运动频率与较少的内化问题之间的纵向关联变得更强。参加团队运动与较少的内化问题之间的关联仅在男孩中观察到。参加运动俱乐部和运动频率较高与较好的亲社会行为也呈纵向相关。这些与亲社会行为的关联在女孩中更强。所检查的运动参与特征均与外化问题无纵向关联。
结论
本研究表明，从纵向角度来看，积极参加运动的儿童内化问题较少，亲社会行为较好。较少的内化问题也与运动参与的类型有关，例如进行户外运动。未发现与外化问题相关的关联。未来的研究最好采用干预的形式，以调查观察到的统计关联是否具有因果性质。
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