CBER-Research Centre in Business, Economics & Resources Ho Chi Minh City Open University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
PLoS One. 2023 Sep 1;18(9):e0291020. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291020. eCollection 2023.
Various studies have been conducted to measure financial inclusion at the country level. However, measuring financial inclusion at the household level has largely been neglected in the existing literature, particularly for emerging markets such as Vietnam. This study constructs an index of financial inclusion at the household level using the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys (VHLSS) in 2014, 2016, and 2018. We also identify the determinants of financial inclusion from the perspective of Vietnamese households. Our study also utilizes an ordered logit model to examine the effects of the determinants on each level of financial inclusion. Our empirical results reveal three key determinants, including (i) total income per household, (ii) relative income representing the difference between the average income of the province that the household currently lives in and the total income of this household, and (iii) the distance from the household to the nearest bank branch, are crucial factors driving the financial inclusion. While the total income per household positively enhances financial inclusion, relative income appears to reduce the degree of financial inclusion. Besides, distance to the nearest bank branch poses another challenge in achieving the financial inclusion goals in Vietnam in the future.
已经有多项研究致力于衡量国家层面的金融包容性。然而，在现有文献中，家庭层面的金融包容性在很大程度上被忽视了，特别是对于越南等新兴市场。本研究利用 2014 年、2016 年和 2018 年的越南家庭生活水平调查（VHLSS）构建了一个家庭层面的金融包容性指数。我们还从越南家庭的角度确定了金融包容性的决定因素。我们的研究还利用有序逻辑模型检验了这些决定因素对金融包容性各个层次的影响。实证结果表明，有三个关键决定因素，包括（i）家庭总收入，（ii）反映家庭当前居住地所在省份平均收入与家庭总收入差异的相对收入，以及（iii）家庭与最近的银行分支机构之间的距离，是推动金融包容性的关键因素。虽然家庭总收入的增加会积极促进金融包容性，但相对收入似乎会降低金融包容性的程度。此外，未来越南实现金融包容性目标的另一个挑战是到最近银行分支机构的距离。
