AVSI Foundation Mozambique, Pemba, Mozambique.
Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Ital J Pediatr. 2023 Sep 1;49(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s13052-023-01517-5.
Inadequate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices are key determinants of child malnutrition and impact one-third of the under-five mortality rate worldwide. The district of Namuno in Cabo Delgado (Mozambique) has been long registering a high prevalence of acute malnutrition. To date, no data exists about Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices in the area. The current pilot study explores the feeding practices among children aged 0-23 months in Namuno and sets out its main drivers.
This cross-sectional study was realized between August and September 2019 and drew on questionnaires for mothers/caregivers of children aged 0 to 23 months. We computed IYCF indicators and correlated them with mothers'/caregivers' school attendance, delivery setting, and distance between home and the place where livelihood activities took place (workplace), using univariate and multivariate (age-adjusted) logistic regression analysis.
The survey was data derived from a sample of 632 mothers/caregivers. 62% of 0-23-month-old children received colostrum whilst only 31% of 0-5 months babies were on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Among 6-23 months old children, 17% consumed foods and beverages from at least five out of eight defined food groups, 31% received a minimum frequency of meals, and 23% had a minimum acceptable diet. Data revealed a positive correlation between early initiation of breastfeeding and delivery in a maternity ward (OR 6.9, CI 3.2-16.1, p-value < 0.001). No difference in the IYCF indicators between female and male babies was detected.
In the Namuno district, IYCF practices did not fulfill WHO/UNICEF's indicators and recommendations. This suggests that efforts should be focused on EBF-enabling interventions to improve children's dietary consumption patterns.
母乳喂养和补充喂养实践不足是儿童营养不良的关键决定因素，影响了全球三分之一的五岁以下儿童死亡率。楠努诺区（莫桑比克）长期以来一直是急性营养不良的高发区。迄今为止，该地区还没有关于婴儿和幼儿喂养（IYCF）实践的数据。目前的试点研究探索了楠努诺地区 0-23 个月儿童的喂养实践，并确定了其主要驱动因素。
这项横断面研究于 2019 年 8 月至 9 月进行，使用了 0 至 23 个月儿童的母亲/照顾者的问卷。我们计算了 IYCF 指标，并将其与母亲/照顾者的学校出勤率、分娩地点以及家庭与生计活动场所（工作场所）之间的距离相关联，使用单变量和多变量（年龄调整）逻辑回归分析。
该调查是从 632 名母亲/照顾者的样本中得出的数据。62%的 0-23 个月大的儿童接受了初乳，而只有 31%的 0-5 个月大的婴儿进行了纯母乳喂养（EBF）。在 6-23 个月大的儿童中，17%的儿童食用了至少 8 种定义食物组中的 5 种或更多种食物和饮料，31%的儿童按时进食，23%的儿童饮食达到最低可接受水平。数据显示，早期开始母乳喂养与在妇产科分娩之间存在正相关（OR 6.9，CI 3.2-16.1，p 值<0.001）。在 IYCF 指标方面，男女婴儿之间没有差异。
在楠努诺区，IYCF 实践不符合世卫组织/儿基会的指标和建议。这表明，应集中精力开展有利于纯母乳喂养的干预措施，以改善儿童的饮食消费模式。
