Jaramillo Arturo P, Yasir Mohamed, Iyer Nandhini, Hussein Sally, Sn Vijay Prabhu
General Practice, Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Machala, ECU.
Internal Medicine, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, RUS.
Cureus. 2023 Aug 2;15(8):e42859. doi: 10.7759/cureus.42859. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a condition that accounts for a high percentage of cardiovascular fatalities, with ventricular tachyarrhythmias being the most common cause. There are signs and symptoms of SCD that occur spontaneously without any warning and are deadly. Despite preventative efforts focusing on the use of subcutaneous implanted cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICD) in the highest-risk population categories, a high number of SCDs occur in the normal population and in people who do not have a documented cardiac condition. Therefore, primary prevention for SCD should be a more viable strategy for the general population, considering measures in the form of preventive medicine such as knowing more about any genetic predisposition, family history of any fatal arrhythmia, continuous surveillance after any syncope with unknown causes, etc. However, little data about SCD risk factors are known in comparison with other well-known diseases like ischemic heart disease and stroke. In search of medical databases for relevant medical literature, we looked at PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Thirteen publications were discovered after the papers were located, assessed, and qualifying criteria were applied. The finished articles were done to give an overview of SCD. Some others have shown that the major predisposition for SCD is related to the male gender, which increases the incidence if they have a family history of SCD. We described the importance of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a comorbid condition. Patients with S-ICD and young athletes with a history of ventricular arrhythmia showed us that the predisposition for SCD can be higher than in the normal population. Based on the above, we concluded that more study is required to establish the most important approach for each of the risk factors mentioned in this systematic review in order to apply them in daily practice and have more knowledge about how to apply preventive and therapeutic medicine to the population at risk and the ones that already develop the disease.
心脏性猝死（SCD）是导致心血管疾病死亡的一个主要原因，其中室性快速心律失常是最为常见的病因。SCD的症状和体征会毫无征兆地突然出现，且具有致命性。尽管预防措施主要聚焦于在高危人群中使用皮下植入式心律转复除颤器（S-ICD），但仍有大量SCD发生在普通人群以及无心脏疾病记录的人群中。因此，对于普通人群而言，SCD的一级预防应是一种更可行的策略，可考虑采取预防医学形式的措施，比如更多地了解任何遗传易感性、任何致命性心律失常的家族病史、不明原因晕厥后的持续监测等。然而，与缺血性心脏病和中风等其他知名疾病相比，关于SCD危险因素的数据知之甚少。为了在医学数据库中查找相关医学文献，我们检索了PubMed/Medline、Cochrane图书馆和谷歌学术。在找到文献、进行评估并应用纳入标准后，共发现了13篇出版物。完成的文章旨在对SCD进行概述。其他一些研究表明，SCD的主要易患因素与男性性别有关，如果男性有SCD家族史，其发病率会增加。我们阐述了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）作为一种合并症的重要性。植入S-ICD的患者以及有室性心律失常病史的年轻运动员向我们表明，SCD的易患因素可能高于普通人群。基于以上情况，我们得出结论，需要进行更多研究，以确定本系统评价中提到的每个危险因素的最重要方法，以便将其应用于日常实践，并更多地了解如何对高危人群以及已经发病的人群应用预防和治疗药物。
