Brainard J
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1986 Aug;70(4):525-36. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330700411.
Nomadic pastoral populations appear to have much lower rates of growth than the otherwise very high growth rates now characteristic of populations in developing nations. Because dramatic declines in infant mortality have been a primary contributor to increased population growth rates in these countries, it has been assumed that nomadic pastoral populations are still characterized by high levels of mortality in the first few years of life. Few studies, however, have been undertaken to estimate demographic parameters for nomadic pastoral populations, and even fewer of a comparative nature have been undertaken to document the impact of subsistence strategy on demographic processes. This study compares indirect childhood mortality estimates for Turkana nomadic pastoralists with childhood mortality in a settled agricultural group within the same population and finds that pastoralists have substantially higher levels of mortality. Based on the childhood mortality estimates, model life tables are selected for pastoral and agricultural groups from which values for mean life expectancy and infant mortality are estimated and compared. Recent improvements in primary health care for the settled agricultural group are ruled out as being an important cause of their lower mortality levels, and some aspects of life-style associated with subsistence strategy are discussed as likely determinants of the mortality differences.
游牧牧民群体的人口增长率似乎比发展中国家目前普遍很高的人口增长率低得多。由于婴儿死亡率的大幅下降是这些国家人口增长率上升的主要原因，因此人们认为游牧牧民群体在生命最初几年的死亡率仍然很高。然而，很少有研究对游牧牧民群体的人口统计学参数进行估计，而进行比较以记录生存策略对人口过程影响的研究就更少了。本研究将图尔卡纳游牧牧民儿童间接死亡率估计值与同一人群中定居农业群体的儿童死亡率进行了比较，发现牧民的死亡率要高得多。根据儿童死亡率估计值，为牧民群体和农业群体选择了模型生命表，从中估计并比较了平均预期寿命和婴儿死亡率的值。定居农业群体近期初级卫生保健的改善被排除在其较低死亡率的重要原因之外，与生存策略相关的一些生活方式方面被讨论为死亡率差异的可能决定因素。
