Department of Dermatology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Center for Blistering Diseases, Boston, MA 02135, USA.
Center for Blistering Diseases, Boston, MA 02135, USA.
Autoimmun Rev. 2023 Oct;22(10):103444. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103444. Epub 2023 Sep 5.
Laminin-332 is an important component of the basement membrane. Recently, autoantibodies to Laminin-332 have been described in several autoimmune diseases. Many of these autoimmune diseases have a high incidence of malignancy. The importance of Laminin-332 autoantibodies and its relationship to malignancy is highlighted by using Laminin-332 Pemphigoid (LM-332Pg) as a prototype.
To identify several autoimmune diseases that have autoantibodies to Laminin-332 present, and to determine the prevalence of malignancy in them. Using Laminin-332 Pemphigoid (LM-332Pg) as a prototype, to compare clinical profiles of LM-332Pg patients with and without cancer. By identifying the temporal detection of cancer, can the influence of autoantibodies to Laminin-332 on prognosis be determined.
A literature search was conducted to identify autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in which autoantibodies to Laminin-332 were present. Subsequently, the rate of malignancy in these autoimmune diseases was determined. A search for publications on LM-332Pg patients to determine cancer rates and clinical outcomes to examine if a relationship can be proposed, was performed.
Autoantibodies to Laminin-332 were detected in recent studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), graft-vs-host disease (GVH), bullous pemphigoid (BP), lichen planus (LP), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), and membranous glomerulonephropathy (MGN). A high incidence of cancer rate was reported in these autoimmune diseases including primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), systemic sclerosis (SS), dermatomyositis (DM), multiple sclerosis (MS), immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Data analysis demonstrated that LM-332Pg patients had a higher risk of developing ovarian, uterine, lung, gastric cancers and leukemia. The incidence for breast cancer was lower, when compared with global cancer rates. Patients diagnosed with cancer after the presence of LM-332Pg had higher rates of mortality and lower rates of remission, compared to those diagnosed with cancer prior to the discovery/diagnosis of LM-332Pg. When studied, levels of Laminin-332 autoantibodies correlated with the presence or absence of malignancy.
Preliminary analysis suggests that autoantibodies to Laminin-332 are present in multiple autoimmune diseases, which also have a high incidence of malignancy. Detailed analysis of available data highlights that patients who developed LM-332Pg after cancer was diagnosed, had a more favorable prognosis, compared to patients who developed cancer when LM-332Pg was previously present. Preliminary data would suggest that autoantibodies to Laminin-332 could serve as an important biomarker in certain patients, for correlation with possible incidence of malignancy.
层粘连蛋白-332 是基底膜的重要组成部分。最近，几种自身免疫性疾病中描述了层粘连蛋白-332 的自身抗体。这些自身免疫性疾病中有许多具有很高的恶性肿瘤发病率。层粘连蛋白-332 自身抗体的重要性及其与恶性肿瘤的关系，以层粘连蛋白-332 天疱疮（LM-332Pg）为原型得到了强调。
确定几种存在层粘连蛋白-332 自身抗体的自身免疫性疾病，并确定其恶性肿瘤的患病率。使用层粘连蛋白-332 天疱疮（LM-332Pg）作为原型，比较有和无癌症的 LM-332Pg 患者的临床特征。通过确定癌症的时间检测，可以确定层粘连蛋白-332 自身抗体对预后的影响。
进行了文献检索，以确定存在层粘连蛋白-332 自身抗体的自身免疫和炎症性疾病。随后，确定了这些自身免疫性疾病的恶性肿瘤患病率。为了确定癌症发病率和临床结果，以检查是否可以提出关系，对 LM-332Pg 患者的出版物进行了搜索。
在最近的系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）、银屑病、细支气管闭塞（BO）、移植物抗宿主病（GVH）、大疱性类天疱疮（BP）、扁平苔藓（LP）、获得性大疱性表皮松解症（EBA）和膜性肾小球肾炎（MGN）的研究中检测到层粘连蛋白-332 的自身抗体。这些自身免疫性疾病的癌症发病率很高，包括原发性干燥综合征（pSS）、系统性硬化症（SS）、皮肌炎（DM）、多发性硬化症（MS）、免疫性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）和类风湿关节炎（RA）。数据分析表明，LM-332Pg 患者发生卵巢癌、子宫癌、肺癌、胃癌和白血病的风险更高。与全球癌症发病率相比，乳腺癌的发病率较低。与在发现/诊断 LM-332Pg 之前被诊断患有癌症的患者相比，在 LM-332Pg 存在后被诊断患有癌症的患者的死亡率更高，缓解率更低。当研究时，层粘连蛋白-332 自身抗体的水平与恶性肿瘤的存在与否相关。
初步分析表明，层粘连蛋白-332 的自身抗体存在于多种自身免疫性疾病中，这些疾病也具有很高的恶性肿瘤发病率。对现有数据的详细分析强调，与先前存在 LM-332Pg 时相比，在癌症诊断后发展为 LM-332Pg 的患者具有更好的预后。初步数据表明，层粘连蛋白-332 自身抗体可以作为某些患者的重要生物标志物，与可能的恶性肿瘤发病率相关。
