Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
Acta Biomater. 2023 Nov;171:85-113. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.08.057. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
One of the recent innovations in the field of personalized healthcare is the piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) for various clinical applications, including self-powered sensors, drug delivery, tissue regeneration etc. Such innovations are perceived to potentially address some of the unmet clinical needs, e.g., limited life-span of implantable biomedical devices (e.g., pacemaker) and replacement related complications. To this end, the generation of green energy from biomechanical sources for wearable and implantable bioelectronic devices gained considerable attention in the scientific community. In this perspective, this article provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on the recent developments in the processing, applications and associated concerns of piezoelectric materials (synthetic/biological) for personalized healthcare applications. In particular, this review briefly discusses the concepts of piezoelectric energy harvesting, piezoelectric materials (ceramics, polymers, nature-inspired), and the various applications of piezoelectric nanogenerators, such as, self-powered sensors, self-powered pacemakers, deep brain stimulators etc. Important distinction has been made in terms of the potential clinical applications of PENGs, either as wearable or implantable bioelectronic devices. While discussing the potential applications as implantable devices, the biocompatibility of the several hybrid devices using large animal models is summarized. This review closes with the futuristic vision of integrating data science approaches in developmental pipeline of PENGs as well as clinical translation of the next generation PENGs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) hold great promise for transforming personalized healthcare through self-powered sensors, drug delivery systems, and tissue regeneration. The limited battery life of implantable devices like pacemakers presents a significant challenge, leading to complications from repititive surgeries. To address such a critical issue, researchers are focusing on generating green energy from biomechanical sources to power wearable and implantable bioelectronic devices. This comprehensive review critically examines the latest advancements in synthetic and nature-inspired piezoelectric materials for PENGs in personalized healthcare. Moreover, it discusses the potential of piezoelectric materials and data science approaches to enhance the efficiency and reliability of personalized healthcare devices for clinical applications.
近年来，个性化医疗领域的创新之一是压电纳米发电机 (PENG)，其在各种临床应用中具有广泛的应用，包括自供电传感器、药物输送、组织再生等。这些创新被认为有可能解决一些未满足的临床需求，例如，可植入生物医学设备（如起搏器）的寿命有限以及与更换相关的并发症。为此，科学界对可穿戴和可植入生物电子设备的生物力学源绿色能源的产生给予了相当大的关注。在这方面，本文对用于个性化医疗应用的压电材料（合成/生物）的加工、应用和相关问题的最新进展进行了全面的综述。特别是，本文简要讨论了压电能量收集、压电材料（陶瓷、聚合物、受自然启发的材料）的概念，以及压电纳米发电机的各种应用，如自供电传感器、自供电起搏器、深部脑刺激器等。重要的区别在于 PENG 作为可穿戴或可植入生物电子设备的潜在临床应用。在讨论作为植入式设备的潜在应用时，总结了使用大型动物模型的几种混合设备的生物相容性。本文的结论是，将数据科学方法整合到 PENG 的开发管道中，以及将下一代 PENG 进行临床转化，具有未来的前景。
压电纳米发电机 (PENG) 通过自供电传感器、药物输送系统和组织再生，为个性化医疗带来了巨大的变革潜力。起搏器等可植入设备的电池寿命有限，这是一个重大挑战，会导致重复手术的并发症。为了解决这一关键问题，研究人员专注于从生物力学源产生绿色能源，为可穿戴和可植入生物电子设备提供动力。本综述批判性地研究了用于个性化医疗的 PENG 的合成和受自然启发的压电材料的最新进展。此外，它还讨论了压电材料和数据科学方法在提高个性化医疗设备的效率和可靠性方面的潜力，以满足临床应用的需求。
