School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Aug 20;22(1):497. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02774-0.
In recent years, wearable sensor devices with exceptional portability and the ability to continuously monitor physiological signals in real time have played increasingly prominent roles in the fields of disease diagnosis and health management. This transformation has been largely facilitated by materials science and micro/nano-processing technologies. However, as this technology continues to evolve, the demand for multifunctionality and flexibility in wearable devices has become increasingly urgent, thereby highlighting the problem of stable and sustainable miniaturized power supplies. Here, we comprehensively review the current mainstream energy technologies for powering wearable sensors, including batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, biofuel cells, thermoelectric generators, radio frequency energy harvesters, and kinetic energy harvesters, as well as hybrid power systems that integrate multiple energy conversion modes. In addition, we consider the energy conversion mechanisms, fundamental characteristics, and typical application cases of these energy sources across various fields. In particular, we focus on the crucial roles of different materials, such as nanomaterials and nano-processing techniques, for enhancing the performance of devices. Finally, the challenges that affect power supplies for wearable electronic products and their future developmental trends are discussed in order to provide valuable references and insights for researchers in related fields.
近年来，具有出色便携性和实时连续监测生理信号能力的可穿戴传感器设备在疾病诊断和健康管理领域发挥了越来越重要的作用。这一转变在很大程度上得益于材料科学和微纳加工技术。然而，随着这项技术的不断发展，对可穿戴设备多功能性和灵活性的需求变得越来越迫切，从而凸显出稳定可持续的小型化电源问题。在这里，我们全面回顾了为可穿戴传感器供电的当前主流能源技术，包括电池、超级电容器、太阳能电池、生物燃料电池、温差发电机、射频能量收集器和动能收集器，以及集成多种能源转换模式的混合电源系统。此外，我们还考虑了这些能源在各个领域的能量转换机制、基本特性和典型应用案例。特别地，我们关注了不同材料（如纳米材料和纳米加工技术）对于提高器件性能的关键作用。最后，讨论了影响可穿戴电子产品电源的挑战及其未来的发展趋势，以期为相关领域的研究人员提供有价值的参考和见解。
