Northwest Land and Resource Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 22;11:1211164. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1211164. eCollection 2023.
Hot days are one of the typical threats to human health and sustainable cities. The exploration of residents' perceptions of thermal environment and its mitigation measures will support the health risk prevention.
A survey with a combination of closed-ended and open-ended questions was conducted in July 2021 among 13 urban parks in Xi'an City, China. With the help of ANOVA and ordinal logistic regression, this study investigated the influencing factors both on residents' health risk perception of hot days and their perception of the effect of urban ecological landscape on reducing the thermal risk. The relationship between health risk perception and residents' needs of urban ecological construction was also explored.
According to 325 valid questionnaires, the male-female ratio of respondents was found to be 1:0.87, young people aged 18-29 (26.46%), the retirees (27.08%) and the ones with undergraduate education (33.23%) were, relatively, the largest groups. The results show that 92.31% of the respondents believed that their daily lives were under the influence of hot days. Housing types, occupation, cooling equipment at work, and outdoor working hours all had a significant impact on their high temperature perceptions. The proportion of respondents who were under a huge health risk and sought medical treatment due to hot days was 30.16% and 44.92%, respectively. Women were 18.52 and 2.33 times more likely to suffer health threats and experience discomforts than men. Furthermore, 73.23% of the respondents believed that the urban ecological landscapes in Xi'an had an enhanced cooling effect in recent years. Compared with the morphological characteristics, residents' recognition of the restriction of landscape's area on its cooling effect was higher, and the residence duration showed a significant influence.
The cooling effect of green spaces and water effectively resisted urban thermal threats, and residents' needs of the urban ecological landscapes was associated with their health risk perceptions of hot days. In the future, it is necessary to promote the early warning of hot days, meanwhile, the optimization of landscape patterns of green infrastructures should be implemented in urban planning for the purposes of residents' health risk prevention.
高温天气是威胁人类健康和可持续城市发展的典型因素之一。探索居民对热环境的感知及其缓解措施将有助于预防健康风险。
本研究于 2021 年 7 月在中国西安市的 13 个城市公园中进行了一项结合封闭式和开放式问题的调查。采用方差分析和有序逻辑回归，研究了居民对高温天气健康风险的感知及其对城市生态景观降低热风险效果的感知的影响因素。还探讨了健康风险感知与居民对城市生态建设需求之间的关系。
根据 325 份有效问卷，发现受访者中男女比例为 1:0.87，年龄在 18-29 岁的年轻人（26.46%）、退休人员（27.08%）和具有本科教育程度的人（33.23%）相对较多。结果表明，92.31%的受访者认为他们的日常生活受到高温天气的影响。住房类型、职业、工作场所的降温设备和户外工作时间都对他们的高温感知有显著影响。由于高温天气而感到健康威胁并就医的受访者比例分别为 30.16%和 44.92%。与男性相比，女性患健康威胁和不适的风险分别高出 18.52 倍和 2.33 倍。此外，73.23%的受访者认为近年来西安市的城市生态景观具有增强的降温效果。与形态特征相比，居民对景观面积限制其降温效果的认识较高，居住时间也有显著影响。
绿地和水的降温效果有效抵御了城市热威胁，居民对城市生态景观的需求与其对高温天气的健康风险感知有关。未来有必要加强高温天气预警，同时在城市规划中优化绿地基础设施的景观格局，以预防居民的健康风险。
