Olivares-Hernández Alejandro, González Del Portillo Elísabet, Tamayo-Velasco Álvaro, Figuero-Pérez Luis, Zhilina-Zhilina Svetlana, Fonseca-Sánchez Emilio, Miramontes-González José Pablo
Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
Ann Transl Med. 2023 Aug 30;11(10):354. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-4218. Epub 2023 May 23.
The introduction of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has resulted in a radical change in patients' treatment responses and survival rates. The increased percentage of long survivors, improved toxicity profiles compared to chemotherapy, and the possible applications for different NSCLC scenarios, have led to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) becoming the cornerstone of NSCLC treatment. Therefore, the objective of this review is to describe the current and future perspectives of NSCLC treatment.
A systematic review according to the PRISMA criteria has been performed based on clinical trials with immunotherapy in NSCLC from the start of these treatments until June 2022.
The use of ICIs is widespread across both first- and second-line treatments with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 drugs. New indications for immunotherapy in NSCLC have focused on adjuvant (atezolizumab) and neoadjuvant (nivolumab), with ICIs now present in all stages of NSCLC treatment. Given the promising results seen in clinical trials, new ICIs [anti- lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) or IDO1] currently under development, will soon be used as standard treatment for NSCLC.
Immunotherapy is the mainstay of NSCLC treatment in all stages, including adjuvant, neoadjuvant and advanced tumors. The development of new molecules will revolutionize the treatment of NSCLC in the coming years.
免疫疗法引入非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）治疗后，患者的治疗反应和生存率发生了根本性变化。长期存活者比例增加、与化疗相比毒性特征改善以及在不同NSCLC情况下的可能应用，使得免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）成为NSCLC治疗的基石。因此，本综述的目的是描述NSCLC治疗的当前和未来前景。
根据PRISMA标准，对从这些治疗开始至2022年6月期间NSCLC免疫疗法的临床试验进行了系统综述。
ICI在一线和二线治疗中广泛使用，包括抗PD-1、抗PD-L1和抗CTLA-4药物。NSCLC免疫疗法的新适应症集中在辅助治疗（阿替利珠单抗）和新辅助治疗（纳武利尤单抗），ICI现在已应用于NSCLC治疗的各个阶段。鉴于临床试验中看到的有前景的结果，目前正在研发的新ICI[抗淋巴细胞激活基因-3（LAG-3）或吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶1（IDO1）]很快将用作NSCLC的标准治疗。
免疫疗法是NSCLC各阶段治疗的支柱，包括辅助、新辅助和晚期肿瘤。新分子的开发将在未来几年彻底改变NSCLC的治疗。
