Katsos Napoleon, de Linares Blanche Gonzales, Ostashchenko Ekaterina, Wilson Elspeth
Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Cognition. 2023 Dec;241:105582. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105582. Epub 2023 Sep 6.
Theories of meaning propose that listeners understand a speaker's implicit meaning thanks to mutually assumed norms of conversation that take into account what the speaker has said, as well as contextual factors, including what the speaker knows. Emerging psycholinguistic research shows that listeners derive a particular kind of implicit meaning, quantity implicatures, when their speaker is knowledgeable about the situation but tend to not derive it otherwise. In this article we focus on if and how listeners use the knowledge that is available only to themselves, i.e., the listener's perspective, while deriving implicatures. To do so, we explore the derivation of ad hoc quantity implicature in situations where the speaker does or does not have full knowledge, while, in the latter case, the listener has two types of privileged knowledge. Two versions of a study with neurotypical English-speaking adults show that listeners are influenced by their own perspective while deriving implicatures, depending on the type of knowledge available to them. We discuss the implications of these findings for models of pragmatic interpretative strategies.
意义理论认为，听众能够理解说话者的隐含意义，这要归功于相互认可的会话规范，这些规范考虑了说话者所说的内容以及语境因素，包括说话者所知道的信息。新兴的心理语言学研究表明，当说话者对情况有所了解时，听众会得出一种特定类型的隐含意义，即数量含义，但在其他情况下则不会得出。在本文中，我们关注听众在推导含义时是否以及如何运用只有他们自己才拥有的知识，即听众的视角。为此，我们探讨了在说话者有或没有全面了解情况的情形下临时数量含义的推导，而在后一种情况下，听众拥有两种类型的特权知识。一项针对以英语为母语的神经正常成年人的研究的两个版本表明，听众在推导含义时会受到自身视角的影响，这取决于他们所拥有的知识类型。我们讨论了这些发现对语用解释策略模型的启示。
