Rouy Martin, Pereira Michael, Saliou Pauline, Sanchez Rémi, El Mardi Wassila, Sebban Hanna, Baqué Eugénie, Dezier Childéric, Porte Perrine, Micaux Julia, de Gardelle Vincent, Mamassian Pascal, Moulin Chris J A, Dondé Clément, Roux Paul, Faivre Nathan
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000, Grenoble, France.
Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adultes et d'Addictologie, Le Chesnay; Université Paris-Saclay; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines; DisAP-DevPsy-CESP, INSERM UMR1018, Villejuif, France.
Schizophrenia (Heidelb). 2023 Sep 7;9(1):55. doi: 10.1038/s41537-023-00387-4.
An effective way to quantify metacognitive performance is to ask participants to estimate their confidence in the accuracy of their response during a cognitive task. A recent meta-analysis raised the issue that most assessments of metacognitive performance in schizophrenia spectrum disorders may be confounded with cognitive deficits, which are known to be present in this population. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the reported metacognitive deficits are metacognitive in nature or rather inherited from cognitive deficits. Arbitrating between these two possibilities requires equating task performance between experimental groups. Here, we aimed to characterize metacognitive performance among individuals with schizophrenia across three tasks (visual detection, familiarity, recollection) using a within-subject design while controlling experimentally for intra-individual task performance and statistically for between-subject task performance. In line with our hypotheses, we found no metacognitive deficit for visual detection and familiarity judgments. While we expected metacognition for recollection to be specifically impaired among individuals with schizophrenia, we found evidence in favor of an absence of a deficit in that domain also. We found no specific metacognitive deficit in schizophrenia spectrum disorder in the visual or memory domain. The clinical relevance of our findings is discussed in light of a hierarchical framework of metacognition.
一种量化元认知表现的有效方法是要求参与者在认知任务中估计自己对回答准确性的信心。最近的一项荟萃分析提出了一个问题，即精神分裂症谱系障碍中元认知表现的大多数评估可能与认知缺陷混淆，而认知缺陷在该人群中是已知存在的。因此，目前尚不清楚所报告的元认知缺陷本质上是元认知的，还是从认知缺陷中继承而来。在这两种可能性之间进行仲裁需要使实验组之间的任务表现相等。在这里，我们旨在使用受试者内设计，在控制个体内任务表现并对受试者间任务表现进行统计控制的同时，通过三项任务（视觉检测、熟悉度、回忆）来表征精神分裂症患者的元认知表现。与我们的假设一致，我们发现视觉检测和熟悉度判断没有元认知缺陷。虽然我们预计精神分裂症患者在回忆方面的元认知会特别受损，但我们也发现有证据表明该领域不存在缺陷。我们发现在精神分裂症谱系障碍的视觉或记忆领域没有特定的元认知缺陷。我们根据元认知的层次框架讨论了我们研究结果的临床意义。
