B.S. Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, 121004, India.
Department of Pharmacy, G.D. Goenka University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, 122103, Haryana, India.
Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2024;18(4):415-432. doi: 10.2174/1872210517666230901114421.
BACKGROUND: Nanotechnology has gained enormous attention in pharmaceutical research. Nanotechnology is used in the development of nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 1-100 nm, with several extraordinary features. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used in various areas, such as molecular biology, biosensors, bio imaging, biomedical devices, diagnosis, pharmaceuticals, etc., for their specific applications. METHODOLOGY: For this study, we have performed a systematic search and screening of the literature and identified the articles and patents focusing on various physical, chemical, and biological methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their pharmaceutical applications. RESULTS: A total of 174 references have been included in this present review, of which 23 references for recent patents were included. Then, 29 papers were shortlisted to describe the advantages, disadvantages, and physical and chemical methods for their synthesis, and 28 articles were selected to provide the data for biological methods for the formulation of metal NPs from bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants with their extensive synthetic procedures. Moreover, 27 articles outlined various clinical applications of metal NPs due to their antimicrobial and anticancer activities and their use in drug delivery. CONCLUSION: Several reviews are available on the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their pharmaceutical applications. However, this review provides updated research data along with the various methods employed for their development. It also summarizes their various advantages and clinical applications (anticancer, antimicrobial drug delivery, and many others) for various phytoconstituents. The overview of earlier patents by several scientists in the arena of metallic nanoparticle preparation and formulation is also presented. This review will be helpful in increasing the current knowledge and will also inspire to innovation of nanoparticles for the precise and targeted delivery of phytoconstituents for the treatment of several diseases.
背景：纳米技术在药物研究中受到了极大的关注。纳米技术用于开发尺寸在 1-100nm 之间的纳米粒子，具有多种非凡的特性。金属纳米粒子（MNPs）因其特定的应用而在分子生物学、生物传感器、生物成像、生物医学设备、诊断、药物等各个领域得到应用。
方法：在这项研究中，我们对文献进行了系统的搜索和筛选，确定了关注各种物理、化学和生物学方法合成金属纳米粒子及其药物应用的文章和专利。
结果：本综述共纳入了 174 篇参考文献，其中包括 23 篇近期专利参考文献。然后，我们筛选了 29 篇论文来描述它们的优缺点以及它们的物理和化学合成方法，并选择了 28 篇文章来提供从细菌、藻类、真菌和植物中合成金属 NPs 的生物方法的数据，以及它们广泛的合成程序。此外，由于金属 NPs 的抗菌和抗癌活性及其在药物传递中的应用，有 27 篇文章概述了金属 NPs 的各种临床应用。
结论：有几篇综述涉及金属纳米粒子的合成及其药物应用。然而，本综述提供了最新的研究数据，以及用于开发它们的各种方法。它还总结了它们在各种临床应用中的优势（抗癌、抗菌药物传递等），以及各种植物成分的应用。还介绍了几位科学家在金属纳米粒子制备和配方领域的早期专利概述。本综述将有助于增加当前的知识，并激发创新的纳米粒子，以实现植物成分的精确和靶向传递，用于治疗多种疾病。
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