Mercogliano Raffaelina, Dongo Dario
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II.
Wiise s.r.l, Rome, Italy.
Ital J Food Saf. 2023 Jul 12;12(3):10926. doi: 10.4081/ijfs.2023.10926. eCollection 2023 Aug 2.
The Treaty of Lisbon states that animals are sentient beings. Fish species show physiological differences from terrestrial animals and are slaughtered and killed in a very different context. Many existing commercial killing methods expose fish to extensive suffering over a prolonged period of time, and some of the slaughtering practices they experience can cause pain and distress. This study highlights the limited feasibility of European Council Regulation 1099/09 requirements on welfare when killing cephalopods and crustaceans. Sentience is the animal's capacity to have positive (comfort, excitement) and negative (pain, anxiety, distress, or harm) feelings. Considerable evidence is now showing that the major commercial fish species, including cephalopods and crustaceans, possess complex neurological substrates supporting pain sensitivity and conscious experiences. In the legislation applied to scientific procedures, the concept of sentience in these species is important. Therefore, it would be appropriate to acknowledge current scientific evidence and establish reference criteria for fish welfare. For the welfare of fish species during slaughter, European Council Regulation 1099/09 applicability is limited. Fish welfare during slaughter is more than just an ethical problem. According to the One-Health approach, food safety should also include the concept of sentience for fish welfare. Pending studies that dispel all doubt, the precautionary principle of European Council Regulation 178/04 remains valid and should be applied to fish welfare.
《里斯本条约》规定动物是有感知能力的生物。鱼类与陆生动物在生理上存在差异，并且在截然不同的环境中被屠宰和杀死。许多现有的商业杀戮方法会使鱼类在很长一段时间内遭受巨大痛苦，它们所经历的一些屠宰操作会导致疼痛和痛苦。本研究强调了欧洲理事会第1099/09号条例对头足类动物和甲壳类动物屠宰时福利要求的可行性有限。感知能力是动物产生积极（舒适、兴奋）和消极（疼痛、焦虑、痛苦或伤害）感受的能力。现在有大量证据表明，包括头足类动物和甲壳类动物在内的主要商业鱼类拥有支持疼痛敏感性和有意识体验的复杂神经基质。在适用于科学程序的立法中，这些物种的感知能力概念很重要。因此，认可当前的科学证据并为鱼类福利制定参考标准是合适的。对于屠宰过程中鱼类的福利而言，欧洲理事会第1099/09号条例的适用性有限。鱼类屠宰过程中的福利问题不仅仅是一个伦理问题。根据“同一健康”方法，食品安全还应包括鱼类福利的感知能力概念。在消除所有疑问的研究完成之前，欧洲理事会第178/04号条例的预防原则仍然有效，应适用于鱼类福利。
