Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India.
Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan.
Parasitol Res. 2023 Nov;122(11):2567-2584. doi: 10.1007/s00436-023-07956-7. Epub 2023 Sep 8.
The prevalence and genetic diversity of the protozoan pathogen Giardia duodenalis have been extensively studied worldwide. There is currently a lack of data regarding the genetic variability of the organism in eastern India. Understanding the circulating genotypes and associated risk factors is crucial for effective planning and implementing control measures. Therefore, the objective of the study was to conduct an epidemiological study to determine the prevalence and identify the various genotypes present. This survey adds to our knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of Giardia genotypes in the studied region. The overall prevalence was found to be 6.8%. This parasitic infection was significantly associated with two age groups, i.e., >0-5 years and >5-12 years. Using a multilocus genotyping method, we genotyped 52 human Giardia isolates that were obtained from diarrheal patients. Two distinct assemblages were found in the population-30.8% belonged to assemblage A; 63.5% belonged to assemblage B, prevalent in the population; and 5.7% belonged to a combined assemblage A+B. Sub-assemblage AII was found in 17.3% of the cases, followed by sub-assemblage AI (13.5%). High levels of genetic diversity were found within the population of assemblage B undergoing balancing selection. Overall, the high prevalence of the parasite observed, particularly among children, raises a major concern and necessitates implementation of robust control measures. Furthermore, we report the presence of numerous unique genotypes, circulating in this limited geographical boundary, which can be useful dataset for future studies.
全球范围内广泛研究了原虫病原体十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫的流行情况和遗传多样性。目前，关于印度东部该生物体遗传变异性的数据有限。了解循环基因型和相关危险因素对于有效规划和实施控制措施至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是进行一项流行病学研究，以确定患病率并确定存在的各种基因型。该调查增加了我们对研究区域中贾第鞭毛虫基因型发生和分布的了解。总体患病率为 6.8%。这种寄生虫感染与两个年龄组显著相关，即>0-5 岁和>5-12 岁。使用多位点基因分型方法，我们对从腹泻患者中获得的 52 个人类贾第鞭毛虫分离株进行了基因分型。在人群中发现了两个不同的集合体-30.8%属于集合体 A；63.5%属于集合体 B，在人群中流行；5.7%属于集合体 A+B 的组合。在 17.3%的病例中发现了亚集合体 AII，其次是亚集合体 AI（13.5%）。在经历平衡选择的集合体 B 人群中发现了高水平的遗传多样性。总体而言，观察到的寄生虫高患病率，特别是在儿童中，引起了重大关注，并需要实施强有力的控制措施。此外，我们报告了在这个有限的地理范围内循环的许多独特基因型的存在，这可以为未来的研究提供有用的数据集。
