西班牙人类十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫基因型的流行病学分布。
Epidemiological distribution of genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in humans in Spain.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, SYNLAB, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Sep 6;12(1):432. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3692-4.
BACKGROUND
Although the distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes in humans has been increasingly reported in recent years, data on possible differences in pathogen transmission between age groups and virulence between genotypes are scarce. The purpose of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in humans in Spain and compare the distribution of G. duodenalis assemblages A and B between children and adults and clinical presentations between the two genotypes.
METHODS
In the present study, 125 microscopy-positive fecal samples were collected from humans in Spain over a 7-year period. PCR and sequence analyses of the triosephosphate isomerase, β-giardin and glutamate dehydrogenase genes were used to identify the multilocus genotypes of G. duodenalis.
RESULTS
Sequence analysis of three genetic loci identified both G. duodenalis assemblages A (29) and B (66), with co-infections of the two in two patients. Among the sequences obtained in this study, four multilocus genotypes (MLGs) of the sub-assemblage AII were observed within assemblage A. In contrast, 19 MLGs were detected within assemblage B due to the high sequence diversity at each locus. One MLG, however, was found in 51.9% (27/52) of assemblage B samples. Children were more commonly infected by assemblage B (44/53 or 83%) than adults (22/42 or 52.4%; χ = 10.371, df = 1, P = 0.001). Asymptomatic infection was more common in patients with assemblage A (4/29 or 13.8%) than in those with assemblage B (1/66 or 1.5%; χ = 6.091, df = 1, P = 0.029), and the frequency of abdominal pain occurrence was higher in assemblage B patients (65/66 or 98.5%) than assemblage A patients (25/29 or 86.2%; χ = 6.091, df = 1, P = 0.029).
CONCLUSIONS
These results illustrate the existence of differences in genotype distribution between children and adults and clinical presentations between G. duodenalis genotypes. They are useful in understanding the transmission of G. duodenalis in humans in Spain.
背景
近年来，越来越多的研究报道了人类肠道贾第虫基因型的分布情况，但关于不同年龄组之间病原体传播的可能差异和不同基因型之间的毒力的数据却很少。本研究旨在调查西班牙人类肠道贾第虫的遗传多样性，并比较儿童和成人之间肠道贾第虫 A 组和 B 组的分布以及两种基因型之间的临床表现。
方法
本研究收集了西班牙 7 年来 125 份显微镜阳性粪便样本。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和序列分析三磷酸甘油异构酶、β-微管蛋白和谷氨酸脱氢酶基因，以鉴定肠道贾第虫的多基因座基因型。
结果
对三个遗传位点的序列分析鉴定了肠道贾第虫 A 组（29 株）和 B 组（66 株），两名患者同时感染了两种。在本研究中获得的序列中，在 A 组内观察到四个亚组 AII 的多基因座基因型（MLG）。相比之下，由于每个位点的序列高度多样性，在 B 组内检测到 19 个 MLG。然而，在 51.9%（27/52）的 B 组样本中发现了一个 MLG。儿童比成人更常感染 B 组（44/53 或 83%），而不是成人（22/42 或 52.4%；χ²=10.371，df=1，P=0.001）。A 组的无症状感染更为常见（4/29 或 13.8%），而 B 组的无症状感染较少（1/66 或 1.5%；χ²=6.091，df=1，P=0.029），B 组的腹痛发生率高于 A 组（65/66 或 98.5%），而 A 组的腹痛发生率较低（25/29 或 86.2%；χ²=6.091，df=1，P=0.029）。
结论
这些结果表明，儿童和成人之间基因型分布和肠道贾第虫基因型之间的临床表现存在差异。这些结果有助于了解西班牙人类肠道贾第虫的传播情况。
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