Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics, San-Ikukai Hospital, 3-20-2 Taihei, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 130-0012, Japan.
Pediatr Neonatol. 2024 Mar;65(2):145-151. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.07.004. Epub 2023 Aug 29.
Group B Streptococci (GBS) are common vaginal bacteria found in 20-30% of pregnant women and a significant cause of invasive infections in newborns. Recently, attention has been focused on the efficacy of probiotics during the perinatal period. However, the effect of probiotic intake on the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of GBS remains unknown.
Pregnant women with positive GBS results from vaginal and rectal swab cultures at 35-37 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to the probiotic group or the control group in an open-label manner at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San-ikukai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. The probiotic group received Lactobacillus reuteri during antenatal checkups from 35 to 37-week gestation to 1 month after delivery. Rectal swabs were obtained from the newborns at 5 days and at 1 month of age. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to test for GBS strains in the mother, whose newborn carried GBS at the 1-month checkup. Multi-locus sequence typing and single nucleotide polymorphism analyses were performed to identify MTCT.
Overall, 67 mother-infant pairs were included, with 31 in the probiotic group and 36 in the control group. The positivity rate of GBS in newborns at 1 month of age was 10% (n = 3) in the probiotic group and 28% (n = 10) in the control group. In newborns carrying GBS at 1 month of age, genetic analysis revealed that the MTCT rate was 6% in the probiotic group and 22% in the control group, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.0927).
No statistically significant difference was found; however, the consumption of L. reuteri by women with GBS-positive pregnancies may inhibit the MTCT of GBS.
B 组链球菌（GBS）是常见的阴道细菌，在 20-30%的孕妇中发现，是新生儿侵袭性感染的重要原因。最近，人们关注围产期益生菌的疗效。然而，益生菌摄入对母婴传播（MTCT）GBS 的影响尚不清楚。
在日本东京三井葵会医院妇产科，对妊娠 35-37 周阴道和直肠拭子培养阳性的孕妇进行开放性随机分组，分为益生菌组或对照组。益生菌组在妊娠 35-37 周产前检查期间和产后 1 个月内服用罗伊氏乳杆菌。在新生儿出生后 5 天和 1 个月时，从新生儿直肠中采集拭子。对携带 GBS 的母亲的新生儿进行全基因组测序。多基因座序列分型和单核苷酸多态性分析用于鉴定 MTCT。
共有 67 对母婴纳入研究，益生菌组 31 例，对照组 36 例。益生菌组新生儿在 1 个月时 GBS 的阳性率为 10%（n=3），对照组为 28%（n=10）。在 1 个月时携带 GBS 的新生儿中，遗传分析显示益生菌组 MTCT 率为 6%，对照组为 22%，但差异无统计学意义（p=0.0927）。
虽然没有发现统计学上的显著差异，但患有 GBS 阳性妊娠的女性服用 L. reuteri 可能会抑制 GBS 的 MTCT。
