Jonsson Claudio Martín, de Queiroz Sonia Claudia do Nascimento
Laboratório de Aquicultura e Ecotoxicologia, Embrapa Meio Ambiente (Embrapa Environment), Rodovia SP-340, km 127.5, Tanquinho Velho, Jaguariúna 13918-110, SP, Brazil.
Laboratório de Resíduos e Contaminantes, Embrapa Meio Ambiente (Embrapa Environment), Rodovia SP-340, km 127.5, Tanquinho Velho, Jaguariúna 13918-110, SP, Brazil.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Aug 29;13(17):2748. doi: 10.3390/ani13172748.
The quality of the aquatic environment can be compromised by the practice of intensive use of pesticides in agriculture and by the misuse of veterinary drugs. Therefore, organisms that live in aquatic ecosystems may be affected due to the presence of these chemicals, through runoff, leaching and other processes. Exposure of aquatic organisms to these xenobiotics could pose health risks. Consequently, there is a growing interest in predicting the bioaccumulation of these substances in aquatic biota from experiments conducted under laboratory conditions. Studies on fish have been performed due to its importance as human food and their wide distribution in most of the aquatic environment. Thus, this article reviews the concepts on determining the accumulation of pesticides and veterinary drugs in fish. The risk regarding the consumption of fish containing residues of these chemical agents, the acceptable daily intake, the testing protocols and the analytical techniques used to determine the residues of these substances in fish tissues are discussed. An emphasis on studies involving tilapia as the test organism was included because, according to Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), this species is one of the most cultivated in the world.
农业中农药的大量使用以及兽药的滥用会损害水生环境质量。因此，生活在水生生态系统中的生物可能会因这些化学物质通过径流、淋溶和其他过程的存在而受到影响。水生生物接触这些外源性物质可能会带来健康风险。因此，人们越来越有兴趣通过在实验室条件下进行的实验来预测这些物质在水生生物群中的生物累积情况。由于鱼类作为人类食物的重要性及其在大多数水生环境中的广泛分布，已经对鱼类进行了研究。因此，本文综述了测定鱼类中农药和兽药积累的相关概念。讨论了食用含有这些化学物质残留的鱼类的风险、每日可接受摄入量、测试方案以及用于测定鱼类组织中这些物质残留的分析技术。特别强调了以罗非鱼作为受试生物的研究，因为根据联合国粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）的数据，该物种是世界上养殖最多的鱼类之一。
