Čeksterytė Violeta, Bliznikas Saulius, Jaškūnė Kristina
Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, 58344 Kėdainiai, Lithuania.
Institute of Animal Science, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Zebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania.
Foods. 2023 Aug 23;12(17):3164. doi: 10.3390/foods12173164.
Honey produced by contains minor components present in the nectar collected from plants. Various studies of honey components and all other bee products can be informative in assessing their quality. The aim of the present study was to determine the content and composition of fatty acids (FAs) in sea buckthorn oil (SBO), royal jelly (RJ) and bee pollen (BP) and the changes in FAs content in these products during storage. The diversity of FAs and the effect of storage time on FAs content was also evaluated for the prepared-for-preservation mixtures, which included the following samples: pollen mixed with honey at a ratio of 1:2 (/); sample BPH, a well; BPH + 1% (/) SBO; and BPH + 1% (/) SBO + 2% (/) RJ. Fresh bee-collected pollen and RJ were stored at -20 °C, whereas the conserved samples were stored at +4 °C in hermetically sealed jars. The data revealed that RJ demonstrated the highest diversity of fatty acids compared to BP and BP prepared for storage with honey along with SBO and RJ. Palmitic and stearic acids were found in the highest amounts out of the eight saturated fatty acids identified in the studied SBO and RJ. The amount of these fatty acids in RJ compared to SBO was 1.27 and 6.14 times higher, respectively. In total, twenty-two unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) were identified in RJ and fourteen were found in SBO. The SBO used in this study was found to be high in linoleic acid, resulting in an increased n-6 fatty acids ratio in the prepared samples. Essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) were found in RJ, as well as in BP and BP mixed with honey. These FAs were not identified in the samples prepared with SBO even in the sample supplemented with RJ. The highest decrease in docosadienoic fatty acid was found in the BPH sample compared to BP, while arachidonic acid mostly decreased in BPH + 1% SBO compared to the BPH + 1% (/) SBO + 2% (/) RJ samples stored at +4 °C. Bee-collected pollen had the greatest influence on the number of FAs in its mixture with honey.
由其生产的蜂蜜含有从植物采集的花蜜中存在的微量成分。对蜂蜜成分以及所有其他蜂产品的各种研究有助于评估它们的质量。本研究的目的是确定沙棘油（SBO）、蜂王浆（RJ）和蜂花粉（BP）中脂肪酸（FAs）的含量和组成，以及这些产品在储存期间FAs含量的变化。还对制备用于保存的混合物评估了FAs的多样性以及储存时间对FAs含量的影响，这些混合物包括以下样品：花粉与蜂蜜按1:2的比例混合（/）；样品BPH，一口井；BPH + 1%（/）SBO；以及BPH + 1%（/）SBO + 2%（/）RJ。新鲜采集的蜂花粉和RJ储存在-20°C，而保存的样品储存在+4°C的密封罐中。数据显示，与BP以及与SBO和RJ一起储存的蜂蜜制备的BP相比，RJ的脂肪酸多样性最高。在所研究的SBO和RJ中鉴定出的八种饱和脂肪酸中，棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量最高。RJ中这些脂肪酸的含量与SBO相比分别高出1.27倍和6.14倍。总共在RJ中鉴定出二十二种不饱和脂肪酸（USFA），在SBO中发现十四种。本研究中使用的SBO富含亚油酸，导致制备样品中n-6脂肪酸比例增加。在RJ以及BP和与蜂蜜混合的BP中发现了必需脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。即使在添加RJ的样品中，在制备的含SBO的样品中也未鉴定出这些FAs。与BP相比，BPH样品中二十二碳二烯酸的降幅最大，而与储存在+4°C的BPH + 1%（/）SBO + 2%（/）RJ样品相比，花生四烯酸在BPH + 1% SBO中大多下降。采集的蜂花粉对其与蜂蜜混合物中FAs的数量影响最大。
