Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 29;24(17):13382. doi: 10.3390/ijms241713382.
S100A8 and S100A9 are multifunctional proteins that can initiate various signaling pathways and modulate cell function both inside and outside immune cells, depending on their receptors, mediators, and molecular environment. They have been reported as dysregulated genes and proteins in a wide range of cancers, including hematologic malignancies, from diagnosis to response to therapy. The role of S100A8 and S100A9 in hematologic malignancies is highlighted due to their ability to work together or as antagonists to modify cell phenotype, including viability, differentiation, chemosensitivity, trafficking, and transcription strategies, which can lead to an oncogenic phase or reduced symptoms. In this review article, we discuss the critical roles of S100A8, S100A9, and calprotectin (heterodimer or heterotetramer forms of S100A8 and S100A9) in forming and promoting the malignant bone marrow microenvironment. We also focus on their potential roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various stages of hematologic malignancies from diagnosis to treatment.
S100A8 和 S100A9 是多功能蛋白，能够通过其受体、介质和分子环境，在免疫细胞内外启动各种信号通路并调节细胞功能。它们已被报道为广泛的癌症（包括血液恶性肿瘤）中失调的基因和蛋白，从诊断到对治疗的反应。S100A8 和 S100A9 在血液恶性肿瘤中的作用很突出，因为它们能够协同作用或作为拮抗剂来改变细胞表型，包括活力、分化、化疗敏感性、迁移和转录策略，这可能导致致癌阶段或症状减轻。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了 S100A8、S100A9 和钙卫蛋白（S100A8 和 S100A9 的异二聚体或异四聚体形式）在形成和促进恶性骨髓微环境中的关键作用。我们还重点关注它们作为生物标志物和治疗靶点在血液恶性肿瘤各个阶段（从诊断到治疗）的潜在作用。
