Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Eur J Med Res. 2023 Sep 9;28(1):330. doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-01329-7.
Gynecological and breast tumors are one of the main causes of cancer-related mortalities among women. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, tumor relapse is observed in a high percentage of these patients due to the treatment failure. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for the treatment failure and recurrence in these tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in progression of these tumors to introduce the efficient early diagnostic markers. Fokhead Box (FOX) is a family of transcription factors with a key role in regulation of a wide variety of cellular mechanisms. Deregulation of FOX proteins has been observed in different cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a group of non-coding RNAs have important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in cellular mechanisms. They are also the non-invasive diagnostic markers due to their high stability in body fluids. Considering the importance of FOX proteins in the progression of breast and gynecological tumors, we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulation of the FOX proteins in these tumors. MicroRNAs were mainly involved in progression of these tumors through FOXM, FOXP, and FOXO. The present review paves the way to suggest a non-invasive diagnostic panel marker based on the miRNAs/FOX axis in breast and gynecological cancers.
妇科和乳腺肿瘤是导致女性癌症相关死亡率的主要原因之一。尽管在诊断和治疗方法方面取得了最近的进展，但由于治疗失败，这些患者中有很高比例的肿瘤复发。晚期诊断在肿瘤晚期是治疗失败和这些肿瘤复发的主要原因之一。因此，有必要评估这些肿瘤进展中涉及的分子机制，以引入有效的早期诊断标志物。Fokhead Box（FOX）是一类转录因子家族，在调节广泛的细胞机制中起着关键作用。FOX 蛋白的失调在不同的癌症中都有观察到。MicroRNAs（miRNAs）作为一组非编码 RNA，在涉及细胞机制的基因的转录后调控中具有重要作用。它们也是非侵入性的诊断标志物，因为它们在体液中具有很高的稳定性。鉴于 FOX 蛋白在乳腺和妇科肿瘤进展中的重要性，我们研究了 miRNAs 在这些肿瘤中对 FOX 蛋白的调节作用。miRNAs 主要通过 FOXM、FOXP 和 FOXO 参与这些肿瘤的进展。本综述为基于 miRNAs/FOX 轴在乳腺和妇科癌症中的非侵入性诊断面板标志物的提出奠定了基础。
