Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
Oncol Rep. 2024 Jul;52(1). doi: 10.3892/or.2024.8751. Epub 2024 Jun 7.
Breast cancer, a prominent cause of mortality among women, develops from abnormal growth of breast tissue, thereby rendering it one of the most commonly detected cancers in the female population. Although numerous treatment strategies are available for breast cancer, discordance in terms of effective treatment and response still exists. Recently, the potential of signaling pathways and transcription factors has gained substantial attention in the cancer community; therefore, understanding their role will assist researchers in comprehending the onset and advancement of breast cancer. Forkhead box (FOX) proteins, which are important transcription factors, are considered crucial regulators of various cellular activities, including cell division and proliferation. The present study explored several subclasses of FOX proteins and their possible role in breast carcinogenesis, followed by the interaction between microRNA (miRNA) and FOX proteins. This interaction is implicated in promoting cell infiltration into surrounding tissues, ultimately leading to metastasis. The various roles that FOX proteins play in breast cancer development, their intricate relationships with miRNA, and their involvement in therapeutic resistance highlight the complexity of breast cancer dynamics. Therefore, recognizing the progress and challenges in current treatments is crucial because, despite advancements, persistent disparities in treatment effectiveness underscore the need for ongoing research, with future studies emphasizing the necessity for targeted strategies that account for the multifaceted aspects of breast cancer.
乳腺癌是女性死亡的主要原因之一，它源于乳腺组织的异常生长，因此也是女性人群中最常见的癌症之一。尽管有许多治疗乳腺癌的策略，但在有效治疗和反应方面仍存在差异。最近，信号通路和转录因子的潜在作用在癌症领域引起了广泛关注；因此，了解它们的作用将有助于研究人员理解乳腺癌的发生和进展。叉头框（FOX）蛋白是重要的转录因子，被认为是细胞分裂和增殖等各种细胞活动的重要调节因子。本研究探讨了 FOX 蛋白的几个亚类及其在乳腺癌发生中的可能作用，以及 microRNA（miRNA）与 FOX 蛋白之间的相互作用。这种相互作用涉及促进细胞浸润周围组织，最终导致转移。FOX 蛋白在乳腺癌发展中的各种作用、它们与 miRNA 的复杂关系以及它们在治疗耐药性中的参与突出了乳腺癌动态的复杂性。因此，认识到当前治疗方法的进展和挑战至关重要，因为尽管取得了进展，但治疗效果的持续差异突出表明需要进行持续的研究，未来的研究强调需要针对乳腺癌多方面的靶向策略。
