Lucchetti Donatella, Colella Filomena, Artemi Giulia, Haque Shafiul, Sgambato Alessandro, Pellicano Rinaldo, Fagoonee Sharmila
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2023 Nov;191:104121. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104121. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained tremendous interest in the search for next-generation therapeutics for the treatment of a range of pathologies, including cancer, especially due to their small size, biomolecular cargo, ability to mediate intercellular communication, high physicochemical stability, low immunogenicity and biocompatibility. The theranostic potential of EVs have been enhanced by adopting several strategies such as genetic or metabolic engineering, parental cell modification or direct functionalization to incorporate therapeutic compounds into these nanoplatforms. The smart nano-sized EVs indeed offer huge opportunities in the field of cancer, and current research is set at overcoming the existing pitfalls. Smart EVs are already being applied in the clinics despite the challenges faced. We provide, herein, an update on the technologies employed for EV functionalization in order to achieve optimal tumor cell targeting and EV tracking in vivo with bio-imaging modalities, as well as the preclinical and clinical studies making use of these modified EVs, in the context of gastrointestinal tumors.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）在寻找用于治疗包括癌症在内的一系列疾病的下一代疗法方面引起了极大的关注，特别是由于其尺寸小、生物分子载荷、介导细胞间通讯的能力、高物理化学稳定性、低免疫原性和生物相容性。通过采用多种策略，如基因或代谢工程、亲代细胞修饰或直接功能化，将治疗性化合物纳入这些纳米平台，EVs的诊疗潜力得到了增强。智能纳米尺寸的EVs确实在癌症领域提供了巨大的机会，目前的研究旨在克服现有的缺陷。尽管面临挑战，但智能EVs已经在临床上得到应用。在此，我们提供了关于用于EV功能化的技术的最新情况，以便在生物成像模式下实现最佳的肿瘤细胞靶向和体内EV追踪，以及在胃肠道肿瘤的背景下利用这些修饰后的EVs进行的临床前和临床研究。
