Abid Sahar Jassim, Najim Israa Jameel
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Alrasheed Primary Health Care Center, Baghdad, Iraq.
J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2023 Jul-Sep;14(3):269-273. doi: 10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_280_23. Epub 2023 Jul 28.
Pregnancy-associated anemia is a widespread condition that can have varying impacts on both the mother and the developing fetus, depending on the level of hemoglobin in the mother's blood and the stage of pregnancy at which the anemia occurs. In Iraq, 27% of all registered thalassemia cases are thalassemia minor. Pregnancy may aggravate mild undiagnosed thalassemia early in pregnancy. The objective of the study was to access the prevalence of undetected thalassemia minor in primigravida women who received prenatal care before 20 weeks and to compare the demographic and socioeconomic characteristic features between women with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and those without any anemia. A total of 298 primigravida women who attended prenatal care at 20 weeks or less were recruited and their hematocrit level was assessed. Participants were segregated into two groups regarding the presence of anemia. Patients who had packed cell volume lower than 33% underwent iron study and standard Hb electrophoresis. Information about women's demographics, socioeconomic status, and family history of hereditary anemia were recorded. The participants had a mean age of 22.7 years, with an age range spanning from 16 to 43 years. 33.33% of 298 women had pathological anemia. All the participants exhibited microcytic anemia, with 26.85%, had confirmed IDA, whereas 6.71% had β thalassemia minor (BTM) phenotype. Both BTM and IDA patients frequently reported a positive family history of anemia at 80% and 68.7%, respectively, which was significantly greater than the control group at 39.9% ( = 0.001). No significant differences were seen between BTM and IDA in terms of age or socioeconomic status. Anemia due to undetected thalassemia minor was common among primigravida women. Screening for BTM carriers pregnant can help in monitoring their status, assessing the fetus's risk of developing thalassemia, and making a diagnosis in communities with high rates of consanguineous marriages, such as Iraq.
妊娠相关贫血是一种普遍存在的病症，根据母亲血液中的血红蛋白水平以及贫血发生时的妊娠阶段，它对母亲和发育中的胎儿可能会产生不同的影响。在伊拉克，所有登记的地中海贫血病例中有27%是轻型地中海贫血。妊娠可能会使妊娠早期未被诊断出的轻度地中海贫血病情加重。该研究的目的是了解在妊娠20周前接受产前护理的初产妇中未被检测出的轻型地中海贫血的患病率，并比较缺铁性贫血（IDA）女性和无贫血女性的人口统计学和社会经济特征。总共招募了298名在妊娠20周及以内接受产前护理的初产妇，并对她们的血细胞比容水平进行了评估。根据是否贫血将参与者分为两组。血细胞比容低于33%的患者进行了铁代谢检查和标准血红蛋白电泳。记录了有关女性人口统计学、社会经济状况以及遗传性贫血家族史的信息。参与者的平均年龄为22.7岁，年龄范围为16至43岁。298名女性中有33.33%患有病理性贫血。所有参与者均表现为小细胞性贫血，其中26.85%确诊为IDA，而6.71%具有轻型β地中海贫血（BTM）表型。BTM和IDA患者报告有贫血家族史阳性的比例分别为80%和68.7%，均显著高于对照组的39.9%（P = 0.001）。BTM和IDA在年龄或社会经济状况方面无显著差异。未被检测出的轻型地中海贫血导致的贫血在初产妇中很常见。对怀孕的BTM携带者进行筛查有助于监测她们的状况，评估胎儿患地中海贫血的风险，并在近亲结婚率高的社区（如伊拉克）进行诊断。
