Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Exp Mol Med. 2023 Sep;55(9):1905-1912. doi: 10.1038/s12276-023-01088-9. Epub 2023 Sep 11.
The mammalian gut is the most densely colonized organ by microbial species, which are in constant contact with the host throughout life. Hosts have developed multifaceted cellular and molecular mechanisms to distinguish and respond to benign and pathogenic bacteria. In addition to relatively well-characterized innate and adaptive immune cells, a growing body of evidence shows additional important players in gut mucosal immunity. Among them, unconventional immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and unconventional T cells, are essential for maintaining homeostasis. These cells rapidly respond to bacterial signals and bridge the innate immunity and adaptive immunity in the mucosal barrier. Here, we focus on the types and roles of these immune cells in physiological and pathological conditions as prominent mechanisms by which the host immune system communicates with the gut microbiota in health and diseases.
哺乳动物的肠道是微生物物种最密集定植的器官，这些微生物与宿主终生保持接触。宿主已经发展出多种细胞和分子机制来区分和响应良性和致病性细菌。除了相对特征明确的先天和适应性免疫细胞外，越来越多的证据表明肠道黏膜免疫中还有其他重要的参与者。其中，非传统免疫细胞，包括先天淋巴细胞 (ILC) 和非典型 T 细胞，对于维持内稳态至关重要。这些细胞可以快速响应细菌信号，并在黏膜屏障中连接先天免疫和适应性免疫。在这里，我们重点关注这些免疫细胞在生理和病理条件下的类型和作用，这些机制是宿主免疫系统在健康和疾病中与肠道微生物群进行交流的突出机制。
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