Li Wanting, Xin Shuhan, Deng Wenjing, Wang Bingbing, Liu Xinxin, Yuan Yin, Wang Shiliang
School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
Water Res. 2023 Oct 15;245:120570. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120570. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
The low terrain and the prosperous agriculture in the east of China, have caused the accumulation of pesticide residues in the estuaries. Therefore, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution and partition tendency of 106 pesticides based on their abundance, frequencies, and concentrations in the aquatic environment of 16 river estuaries in 7 major basins in the eastern China by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‒MS/MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC‒MS/MS). In addition, potential risk of multiple pesticides was also evaluated. The results showed that herbicides were the dominant pesticide type, while triazines were the predominate substance group of pesticide. In addition, triadimenol, vinclozolin, diethylatrazine, prometryn, thiamethoxam, atrazine, and metalachlor were the major pesticides in the water, while prometryn, metalachlor, and atrazine were the main pesticides in the sediment. The average total concentration of pesticide was 751.15 ng/L in the dry season, 651.17 ng/L in the wet season, and 617.37 ng/L in the normal season, respectively. The estuaries of the Huai River Basin, the Yangtze River Basin, the Hai River Basin, and the Yellow River Basin have been affected by the low pollution treatment efficiency, weak infrastructure, and agricultural/non-agricultural activities in eastern China, resulting in relatively serious pesticide pollution. The estuaries of Huaihe River, Yangtze River, Xiaoqing River, and Luanhe River had large pesticide abundance and comparatively severe pesticide pollution, while the estuaries of Tuhai River and Haihe River had heavy pesticide contamination in the sediment, which might be induced by historical sedimentary factors. The log K values showed that except for thioketone, other pesticides were relatively stable due to the adsorption by sediment. The ecological risk assessment results indicated that insecticides had a high risk. Teenagers were the most severely affected by the noncarcinogenic risk of pesticides, while adults were mostly affected by the carcinogenic risk of pesticides. Therefore, pesticide hazards in the water environment of estuaries in eastern China needs to be further close supervision.
中国东部地势低洼且农业发达，导致河口地区农药残留积累。因此，本研究利用固相萃取（SPE）结合高效液相色谱串联质谱（HPLC‒MS/MS）和气相色谱串联质谱（GC‒MS/MS），基于中国东部7大流域16条河口的水生环境中106种农药的丰度、出现频率和浓度，分析了它们的时空分布及分配趋势。此外，还评估了多种农药的潜在风险。结果表明，除草剂是主要的农药类型，而三嗪类是农药的主要物质组。此外，三唑醇、乙烯菌核利、二乙基莠去津、扑草净、噻虫嗪、莠去津和甲草胺是水中的主要农药，而扑草净、甲草胺和莠去津是沉积物中的主要农药。农药的平均总浓度在旱季为751.15 ng/L，雨季为651.17 ng/L，平季为617.37 ng/L。淮河流域、长江流域、海河流域和黄河流域的河口受到中国东部污染治理效率低、基础设施薄弱以及农业/非农业活动的影响，导致农药污染相对严重。淮河、长江、小清河和滦河的河口农药丰度大，农药污染相对严重，而徒骇河和海河的河口沉积物中农药污染严重，这可能是由历史沉积因素导致的。log K值表明，除硫酮外，其他农药由于被沉积物吸附而相对稳定。生态风险评估结果表明，杀虫剂风险高。青少年受农药非致癌风险影响最严重，而成年人受农药致癌风险影响最大。因此，中国东部河口水环境中的农药危害需要进一步密切监管。
