Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nara City Hospital, 1-50-1 Higashikidera-cho, Nara-Shi, Nara, 630-8305, Japan.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Minami-Nara General Medical Center, 8-1 Fukugami, Oyodo-Cho, Yoshino-Gun, Nara, 638-8551, Japan.
J Infect Chemother. 2024 Jan;30(1):58-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.09.013. Epub 2023 Sep 13.
An increased incidence of metabolic syndrome has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. In contrast, gut dysbiosis is involved in various pathogeneses, including vascular endothelial disorders. Organic acids, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are essential for maintaining gut homeostasis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the gut microbiome profile and organic acids in a Japanese population infected with HIV.
Forty-nine patients with HIV infection on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) were enrolled and divided into the high and low CD4 groups based on a CD4 cutoff of 350 cells/μL. Stool samples were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA next-generation sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography. The association between the gut microbiome, including bacterial taxa and organic acids, was statistically analyzed.
The fecal microbial community composition was significantly different between HIV patients with CD4 counts above and below 350 cells/μL. The relative abundance of Roseburia, Prevotella, Prevotella_9, and [Clostridium]_methylpentosum_group were significantly enriched in the high CD4 group. Fecal succinic acid tended to be more abundant in the low CD4 group, and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids tended to be more abundant in the high CD4 group. Roseburia was positively correlated with butyric acid levels. Prevotella_9 and Prevotella were negatively correlated with succinic acid levels and positively correlated with acetic and propionic acid levels.
This study showed intestinal dysbiosis bordering on a CD4 count of 350 in patients with HIV infection undergoing cART. These findings might help in understanding intestinal damage and systemic inflammation in HIV infection.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者中代谢综合征的发病率增加。相反，肠道菌群失调与多种发病机制有关，包括血管内皮紊乱。有机酸，包括短链脂肪酸（SCFA），是维持肠道内环境稳定所必需的。因此，本研究旨在探索日本 HIV 感染者的肠道微生物组谱和有机酸。
纳入 49 例接受联合抗逆转录病毒治疗（cART）的 HIV 感染患者，并根据 CD4 细胞计数 350 个/μL 的截止值将其分为高 CD4 组和低 CD4 组。通过 16S 核糖体 RNA 下一代测序和高效液相色谱分析粪便样本。统计分析肠道微生物组（包括细菌分类群和有机酸）与 HIV 患者之间的相关性。
CD4 计数高于和低于 350 个/μL 的 HIV 患者粪便微生物群落组成存在显著差异。Roseburia、Prevotella、Prevotella_9 和 [Clostridium]_methylpentosum_group 的相对丰度在高 CD4 组中明显富集。低 CD4 组粪便琥珀酸含量趋于丰富，高 CD4 组乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量趋于丰富。Roseburia 与丁酸水平呈正相关。Prevotella_9 和 Prevotella 与琥珀酸水平呈负相关，与乙酸和丙酸水平呈正相关。
本研究显示，接受 cART 的 HIV 感染患者的肠道菌群失调接近 CD4 计数 350。这些发现可能有助于理解 HIV 感染中的肠道损伤和全身炎症。
