Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2024 Sep 3;56(7):251. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-04081-0.
The use of antibiotics as conventional feed additives in poultry operations have proven useful, however resulted serious health concerns to consumer due to their bio-accumulation, besides rising problem of antimicrobial resistance in microbes, thus, an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter have called for. One of the aim of the experiment was to assess the lone and combined effects of feeding of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) and blend of organic acids and short chain fatty acids in essential oils on growth performance, haematological parameters, relative lymphoid organ weight and innate immunity in early aged layer chick (male birds). A total of ninety, day-old chicks were randomly allotted into five groups: CO, Control group fed only poultry feed ; AGP, antibiotic growth promoter fed Avilomycin at the dose of 200 mg/kg of poultry feed; CH, chitosan oligosaccharide fed at the rate of 100 mg/kg feed; OE, blend of organic acids and short chain fatty acids in essential oils contained 1000 to 2000 mg/kg feed in a graded dose per week and CH + OE, chitosan oligosaccharide plus blend of organic acids and short chain fatty acids in essential oils at consistent rate and manner as followed for each of given feed additives when fed individually. Data on growth performance, samples for haematological parameters and innate immunity were measured and assayed on 7th, 21st and 42nd day post feeding (dpf) respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group; there is a marginal gain in body weight at 7th and 21st dpf in CH group and the corresponding CH + OE group. Feed conversion ratio in CH group was remarkably good at 7th and 21st dpf. No significant difference was observed in relative organ weights of thymus, spleen and Bursa of Fabricius in treatment groups as compared to control birds; however a significant rise in splenic weight index in OE fed birds at 42nd dpf noted. Haematological changes were inconsequential in treatment groups with an exception to enhancement of heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H:L ratio) in CH group at 42nd dpf. Serum lysozyme activity proportionately elevated in CH + OE group on 21st and 42nd dpf when measured against control group; on the other hand no detectable augmentation of gut lysozyme activity observed. Both serum bactericidal and gut bactericidal activity boosted in combinatorial group at 42nd dpf. These results indicated that early age feeding of chitosan individually or combination with organic acids and short chain fatty acids in layer chick is beneficial, as it has the potential to enhance body weight gain to some extent and improves systemic and localized innate immunity to offer protection against infectious assaults thus may avoid early chick mortality in farms.
在禽类养殖中，抗生素作为传统的饲料添加剂已经被证明是有用的，然而，由于抗生素在生物体内的积累，对消费者的健康造成了严重的影响，此外，微生物对抗生素的耐药性问题也日益严重，因此，需要寻找抗生素生长促进剂的替代品。本实验的目的之一是评估壳寡糖（COS）和混合有机酸和短链脂肪酸在精油中的单独和联合作用对早期蛋鸡（雄性）生长性能、血液学参数、相对淋巴器官重量和固有免疫的影响。将 90 只 1 日龄雏鸡随机分为 5 组：CO，仅饲喂家禽饲料；AGP，抗生素生长促进剂，以 200mg/kg 家禽饲料的剂量饲喂阿维拉霉素；CH，以 100mg/kg 饲料的剂量饲喂壳寡糖；OE，以每周递增剂量的 1000-2000mg/kg 饲料的形式混合有机酸和短链脂肪酸在精油中；CH+OE，以与每个单独添加的饲料添加剂一致的速度和方式添加壳寡糖和混合有机酸和短链脂肪酸在精油中的混合物。在喂养后第 7、21 和 42 天分别测量生长性能、血液学参数和固有免疫样本。结果表明，与对照组相比，CH 组和相应的 CH+OE 组在第 7 和 21 天的体重有轻微增加。CH 组在第 7 和 21 天的饲料转化率非常好。与对照组相比，各组的胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的相对器官重量无显著差异；然而，在第 42 天饲喂 OE 的鸟类中，脾重指数显著升高。除了在第 42 天 CH 组的异嗜性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（H:L 比值）升高外，治疗组的血液学变化无明显差异。与对照组相比，CH+OE 组在第 21 和 42 天的血清溶菌酶活性比例升高；另一方面，未检测到肠道溶菌酶活性的增加。在第 42 天，联合组的血清杀菌和肠道杀菌活性均增强。这些结果表明，在早期阶段给蛋鸡单独或与有机酸和短链脂肪酸组合饲喂壳寡糖是有益的，因为它在一定程度上具有提高体重增长和改善全身和局部固有免疫的潜力，从而提供对感染攻击的保护，从而可以避免农场早期雏鸡死亡。
