Laboratoire Interactions épithéliums Neurones, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.
Service de chirurgie pédiatrique CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.
Dermatology. 2023;239(6):849-859. doi: 10.1159/000533261. Epub 2023 Sep 16.
This review summarizes uses and new applications for dermatological research of in vitro culture models of human skin explants (HSEs). In the last decade, many innovations have appeared in the literature and an exponential number of studies have been recorded in various fields of application such as process culture engineering, stem cell extractions methodology, or cell-to-cell interaction studies under physiological and pathological conditions, wound-healing, and inflammation. Most studies also concerned pharmacology, cosmetology, and photobiology. However, these topics will not be considered in our review.
A better understanding of the mechanisms driving intercellular relationships, at work in the maintenance of 3D tissue architectures has led to the improvement of cell culture techniques. Many papers have focused on the physiological ways that govern in vitro tissue maintenance of HSEs. The analysis of the necessary mechanical stress, intercellular and cell-matrix interactions, allows the maintenance and prolonged use of HSEs in culture for up to 15 days, regardless of the great variability of study protocols from one laboratory to another and in accordance with the objectives set. Because of their close similarities to fresh skin, HSEs are increasingly used to study skin barrier repair and wound healing physiology. Easy to use in co-culture, this model allows a better understanding of the connections and interactions between the peripheral nervous system, the skin and the immune system. The development of the concept of an integrated neuro-immuno-cutaneous system at work in skin physiology and pathology highlighted by this article represents one of the new technical challenges in the field of in vitro culture of HSE. This review of the literature also reveals the importance of using such models in pathology. As sources of stem cells, HSEs are the basis for the development of new tissue engineering models such as organoids or optical clearing tissues technology. This study identifies the main advances and cross-cutting issues in the use of HSE.
本文综述了体外培养人皮肤标本（HSE）模型在皮肤科研究中的用途和新应用。在过去十年中，文献中出现了许多创新，并且在各种应用领域（如工艺培养工程、干细胞提取方法、生理和病理条件下的细胞间相互作用研究、伤口愈合和炎症）中记录了大量的研究。大多数研究还涉及药理学、化妆品学和光生物学。然而，这些主题将不在我们的综述中考虑。
对驱动细胞间关系的机制的深入了解，作用于 3D 组织架构的维持，推动了细胞培养技术的改进。许多论文都集中在控制 HSE 体外组织维持的生理途径上。对必要的机械应力、细胞间和细胞-基质相互作用的分析，使得 HSE 能够在培养中维持和延长使用长达 15 天，而不管不同实验室之间研究方案的巨大差异，也符合设定的目标。由于 HSE 与新鲜皮肤非常相似，因此越来越多地用于研究皮肤屏障修复和伤口愈合生理学。在共培养中易于使用，这种模型可以更好地理解周围神经系统、皮肤和免疫系统之间的联系和相互作用。本文提出的工作中的综合神经-免疫-皮肤系统概念的发展代表了 HSE 体外培养领域的新的技术挑战之一。本文对文献的综述还揭示了在病理学中使用此类模型的重要性。作为干细胞的来源，HSE 是开发新的组织工程模型（如类器官或光学透明组织技术）的基础。本研究确定了使用 HSE 的主要进展和跨领域问题。
