Melaku Abayneh, Mengistie Bezatu, Addis Taffere
Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Environ Health Insights. 2023 Sep 15;17:11786302231199003. doi: 10.1177/11786302231199003. eCollection 2023.
The provision of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and services for schools is vital to students' health, development, and educational performance. However, school WASH coverage in developing countries remains low. This study aimed to assess the adequacy of WASH services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
A school-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2020 in 98 schools. A multistage sampling technique was used to select schools included in the study. Data were collected using observational checklists and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires. We entered the data into EPI Info version 7.2.2.6 and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Logistic regression was used to examine the associated factors with school WASH services.
The basic school water, sanitation, and hygiene services were found to be 65.3%, 31.6%, and 36.7%, respectively. The facility-to-student ratio was 1:48 for drinking water point, 1:59 for toilet stance, and 1:147 for handwashing point. The analysis of facilities access by sex revealed that the toilet to student ratio was 1:68 for females and 1:49 for males, whereas the handwashing point-to-student ratio was 1:179 for females and 1:114 for males, indicating disparities in facilities access by sex. The non-functionality rates for drinking water, toilets, and handwashing facilities were 22.5%, 8%, and 19.5%, respectively. School ownership was significantly associated with the availability of basic water services [COR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.466-14.426] and basic sanitation services [COR = 15, 95% CI: 3.27-68.28]. Moreover, the results demonstrate training on WASH [COR = 5, 95% CI: 1.087-23.018] and teaching programs on WASH [COR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.056-0.810] were significantly associated with basic hygiene services.
The provision of WASH facilities and services in schools was inadequate and not on track to meet the targets of SDG 6. Training, WASH education program, and stakeholder commitment and cooperation at all levels are required to achieve the goal.
为学校提供安全的水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）设施及服务对于学生的健康、发展和学业表现至关重要。然而，发展中国家的学校WASH覆盖率仍然很低。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴WASH服务的充足程度。
2020年1月至3月在98所学校开展了一项基于学校的定量横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术选择纳入研究的学校。使用观察清单和经过预测试的访谈式问卷收集数据。我们将数据录入EPI Info 7.2.2.6版本，并使用SPSS 22.0进行分析。采用逻辑回归分析与学校WASH服务相关的因素。
学校基本的水、环境卫生和个人卫生服务的覆盖率分别为65.3%、31.6%和36.7%。饮用水点的设施与学生比例为1:48，厕所蹲位比例为1:59，洗手点比例为1:147。按性别分析设施使用情况发现，女生的厕所与学生比例为1:68，男生为1:49；女生的洗手点与学生比例为1:179，男生为1:114，这表明在设施使用方面存在性别差异。饮用水、厕所和洗手设施的无法正常使用比例分别为22.5%、8%和19.5%。学校所有权与基本水服务的可获得性[校正比值比（COR）=4.6，95%置信区间（CI）：1.466 - 14.426]和基本环境卫生服务[COR = 15，95% CI：3.27 - 68.28]显著相关。此外，结果表明关于WASH的培训[COR = 5，95% CI：1.087 - 23.018]和关于WASH的教学计划[COR = 0.21，95% CI：0.056 - 0.810]与基本个人卫生服务显著相关。
学校WASH设施及服务的提供不足，且未走上实现可持续发展目标6的轨道。需要开展培训、实施WASH教育计划以及各级利益相关者的承诺与合作才能实现该目标。
