Atherley G, Johnston N, Tennassee M
J Occup Med. 1986 Oct;28(10):958-65. doi: 10.1097/00043764-198610000-00013.
Medical screening and biomedical monitoring violate individual rights. Such conflicts of right with right are acted upon synergistically by uncertainty which, in some important respects, increases rather than decreases as a result of research. Issues of rightness and wrongness, ethical issues, arise because the human beings who are subjects of medical screening and biological monitoring often have little or no option whether to be subjected to them. We identify issues of rightness and wrongness of biomedical surveillance for various purposes of occupational health and safety. We distinguish between social validity and scientific validity. We observe that principles are well established for scientific validity, but not for social validity. We support guidelines as a way forward.
医学筛查和生物医学监测侵犯了个人权利。这种权利与权利之间的冲突因不确定性而协同作用，在某些重要方面，不确定性因研究而增加而非减少。正确与错误的问题，即伦理问题，之所以出现，是因为作为医学筛查和生物监测对象的人往往几乎没有或根本没有选择是否接受这些检查的权利。我们确定了出于职业健康和安全的各种目的进行生物医学监测的正确与错误问题。我们区分了社会有效性和科学有效性。我们注意到科学有效性的原则已经确立，但社会有效性的原则却没有。我们支持将指南作为前进的方向。
