Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma University, P.O.Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
2Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 Sep 19;23(1):676. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05992-w.
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intensive nutrition education and counseling on hemoglobin level during pregnancy.
The study was a one year two-arm parallel design cluster randomized controlled trial in East Shoa zone, Ethiopia. End-line data were collected from 163 intervention and 163 control group pregnant women. The intervention was a three consecutive trimester based counseling sessions using health belief model, weekly regular SMS sent on mobile phone containing core message and providing leaflet with food menu of Iron rich diet. The women in the control group received routine nutrition education from facilities. After adjusting for potential confounders, a linear mixed-effects model was used to assess the intervention effect.
There was a significant change in both hemoglobin level and proportion of anemia in the intervention group. The mean hemoglobin level within intervention group before and after intervention was (12.08± 1.15, 12.53± 1.18) with p value of 0.01. The prevalence of anemia among intervention group declined from 14.7 % at the baseline to 9.2% after intervention. At the end of the trial, women in the intervention group had significantly better hemoglobin level than women in the control group (β = 0.50, p < 0.01).
The intervention was effective in improving the hemoglobin level and consumption of iron rich diet among pregnant women. Therefore, employing trimester based counseling by using HBM constructs and regular reminding messages have to be provided to pregnant women as part of the regular antenatal care service.
本研究旨在评估强化营养教育和咨询对孕期血红蛋白水平的影响。
这是一项在埃塞俄比亚东绍阿地区进行的为期一年的、两臂平行、集群随机对照试验。从 163 名干预组和 163 名对照组孕妇中收集了最终数据。干预措施是基于健康信念模型的连续三个孕期的咨询会议，每周通过手机发送包含核心信息的定期短信，并提供富含铁饮食的菜单传单。对照组的孕妇在设施中接受常规营养教育。在调整了潜在混杂因素后，使用线性混合效应模型评估干预效果。
干预组的血红蛋白水平和贫血比例都有显著变化。干预组的平均血红蛋白水平在干预前后分别为（12.08±1.15，12.53±1.18），p 值为 0.01。干预组的贫血患病率从基线时的 14.7%下降到干预后的 9.2%。在试验结束时，干预组的女性血红蛋白水平明显高于对照组（β=0.50，p<0.01）。
该干预措施有效地改善了孕妇的血红蛋白水平和铁摄入。因此，作为常规产前保健服务的一部分，必须向孕妇提供基于孕期的咨询服务，并利用 HBM 结构和定期提醒信息。
