Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 31;11:1118364. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1118364. eCollection 2023.
Sodium is essential for human health, however the prevalence of various diseases is associated with excessive sodium intake, particularly cardiovascular disorders. However, in most countries, salt intake is much higher than the World Health Organization recommends. Several studies in recent years have revealed that high salt intake is associated with diabetes in the general population, but the association is uncertain in people who do not have hypertension. In this study, we aimed to find out whether high sodium intake increases the risk of diabetes in this particular population.
Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2009-2018). Participants included adults aged over 20 years old who have undergone the diabetes questionnaire, and the hypertension population was excluded. In order to adjust the confounders, multivariate analysis models were built. Finally, subgroup analysis were conducted to investigate the association between sodium intake and diabetes separately.
In the present study, 7,907 participants are included (3,920 female and 3,987 male), and 512 (6.48%) individuals reported diabetes. The median sodium intake of the participants was 3,341 mg/d (IQR: 2498, 4,364 mg/d). A linear association between sodium intake and the prevalence of diabetes was found ( = 0.003). According to the multivariate analysis models, the odds ratio of diabetes for every 1,000 mg sodium intake increment is 1.20 (OR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.35). The highest sodium intake quartile was 1.80-fold more likely to have diabetes than the lowest quartile (OR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.17-2.76).
Our results suggest that higher sodium intake is associated with an increased risk of diabetes in the population without hypertension, and for every 1,000 mg sodium intake increment, the risk of diabetes increased by 1.20-fold. To sum up, we have provided the clue to the etiology of diabetes and further prospective research is needed to contribute recommendations for the primary prevention of diabetes in the US.
钠对人体健康至关重要，然而，各种疾病的患病率与过量摄入钠有关，尤其是心血管疾病。然而，在大多数国家，盐的摄入量远远高于世界卫生组织的建议。近年来的几项研究表明，高盐摄入与普通人群中的糖尿病有关，但在没有高血压的人群中，这种关联并不确定。在这项研究中，我们旨在探讨高钠摄入是否会增加这一特定人群患糖尿病的风险。
数据来自全国健康和营养调查（NHANES；2009-2018 年）。参与者包括接受过糖尿病问卷调查的 20 岁以上成年人，排除高血压人群。为了调整混杂因素，建立了多变量分析模型。最后，进行亚组分析，分别探讨钠摄入量与糖尿病之间的关系。
本研究共纳入 7907 名参与者（女性 3920 名，男性 3987 名），其中 512 名（6.48%）报告患有糖尿病。参与者的平均钠摄入量为 3341mg/d（IQR：2498，4364mg/d）。钠摄入量与糖尿病患病率之间存在线性关联（ = 0.003）。根据多变量分析模型，每增加 1000mg 钠摄入，糖尿病的比值比为 1.20（OR：1.20，95%CI 1.07-1.35）。最高钠摄入量四分位组患糖尿病的可能性是最低四分位组的 1.80 倍（OR：1.80，95%CI 1.17-2.76）。
我们的结果表明，高血压人群中钠摄入量较高与糖尿病风险增加相关，每增加 1000mg 钠摄入，糖尿病风险增加 1.20 倍。总之，我们为糖尿病的病因学提供了线索，需要进一步的前瞻性研究为美国糖尿病的一级预防提供建议。
