University of the State of Bahia, Department of Life Sciences - Campus I, Street Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 41150-000, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, School of Nutrition, Street Basilio da Gama, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 40110-040, Brazil.
University of the State of Bahia, Department of Life Sciences - Campus I, Street Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, Salvador, Bahia, CEP: 41150-000, Brazil.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023 Oct;57:718-729. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.022. Epub 2023 Aug 28.
The exploration of lipid-lowering resources, such as phytosterols, for the complementary nutritional treatment of hypercholesterolemia is relevant to reduce cardiovascular risk. The use of phytosterols in capsules or tablets can bring advantages in the context of diet therapy, but such format is still less studied when compared to fortified foods.
Systematically review randomized clinical trials on the effects of phytosterol supplementation, in capsules or tablets, on the lipid profile and its use in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in adults.
A systematic review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, with a PROSPERO protocol registered under number CRD42021249539. The process was conducted by two independent reviewers. Only randomized clinical trials with phytosterol supplementation in adult individuals with hypercholesterolemia were included. The terms were searched in the databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library/CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS and Web of Science, without restriction of time and language. The manual search was also performed through the list of references of articles included in this review.
The searches resulted in 977 articles. 22 articles were selected, whose full text was read, and according to the eligibility criteria 10 were incorporated into the review. The studies were separated into groups according to the association of the intervention with changes in lifestyle and the characteristics extracted from the studies were summarized and displayed in tables. Most studies have revealed a positive association between phytosterol supplementation and cholesterol reduction, despite the short duration of interventions.
The analyzed studies showed that phytosterol supplements can be useful to modulate the lipid profile, helping to reduce the plasma concentration of LDL cholesterol. However, more research with the aforementioned supplementation in such pharmaceutical formats should be encouraged.
探索降脂资源，如植物固醇，对于补充营养治疗高胆固醇血症，以降低心血管风险具有重要意义。植物固醇在胶囊或片剂中的使用在饮食治疗方面具有优势，但与强化食品相比，这种形式的研究仍然较少。
系统评价胶囊或片剂形式的植物固醇补充剂对血脂谱的影响及其在成人高胆固醇血症治疗中的应用的随机临床试验。
按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目进行系统评价，并按照 PROSPERO 方案进行注册，编号为 CRD42021249539。该过程由两名独立的审查员进行。仅纳入成人高胆固醇血症患者补充植物固醇的随机临床试验。在数据库中搜索了以下术语：PubMed/MEDLINE、Cochrane 图书馆/CENTRAL、Embase、LILACS 和 Web of Science，没有时间和语言限制。还通过纳入本综述的文章的参考文献列表进行了手动搜索。
搜索结果得到了 977 篇文章。选择了 22 篇文章，阅读了全文，并根据纳入标准，有 10 篇文章纳入了综述。这些研究根据干预与生活方式改变的关联进行分组，并总结和显示在表格中。尽管干预时间较短，但大多数研究表明植物固醇补充剂与胆固醇降低之间存在积极关联。
分析的研究表明，植物固醇补充剂可用于调节血脂谱，有助于降低 LDL 胆固醇的血浆浓度。然而，应该鼓励更多的此类药物形式的补充剂进行研究。
