Darwish Samar F, Elbadry Abdullah M M, Elbokhomy Amir S, Salama Ghidaa A, Salama Rania M
Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt.
Front Aging. 2023 Sep 6;4:1231706. doi: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1231706. eCollection 2023.
The pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative illnesses is significantly influenced by the polarization regulation of microglia and macrophages. Traditional classifications of macrophage phenotypes include the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Numerous studies demonstrated dynamic non-coding RNA modifications, which are catalyzed by microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Different nutraceuticals focus on the polarization of M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia and macrophages, offering a potent defense against neurodegeneration. Caeminaxin A, curcumin, aromatic-turmerone, myricetin, aurantiamide, 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose, and resveratrol reduced M1 microglial inflammatory markers while increased M2 indicators in Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta-induced microglial M1 activation was suppressed by andrographolide, sulforaphane, triptolide, xanthoceraside, piperlongumine, and novel plant extracts which also prevented microglia-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis. Asarone, galangin, baicalein, and -mangostin reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in M1-activated microglia in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, myrcene, icariin, and tenuigenin prevented the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and microglial neurotoxicity, while -cyperone, citronellol, nobiletin, and taurine prevented NADPH oxidase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B activation. Furthermore, other nutraceuticals like plantamajoside, swertiamarin, urolithin A, kurarinone, Daphne genkwa flower, and extracts showed promising neuroprotection in treating Parkinson's disease. In Huntington's disease, elderberry, curcumin, iresine celosia, , gintonin, and pomiferin showed promising results against microglial activation and improved patient symptoms. Meanwhile, linolenic acid, resveratrol, , icariin, and baicalein protected against activated macrophages and microglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Additionally, emodin, esters of gallic and rosmarinic acids, Agathisflavone, and sinomenine offered promising multiple sclerosis treatments. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of using nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases involving microglial-related pathways.
小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞的极化调节对不同神经退行性疾病的病理生理学有显著影响。巨噬细胞表型的传统分类包括促炎性M1和抗炎性M2表型。大量研究表明，小胶质细胞诱导的神经炎症会催化动态非编码RNA修饰。不同的营养保健品聚焦于小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞M1/M2表型的极化，为抵御神经退行性变提供了有力防御。在阿尔茨海默病中，Caeminaxin A、姜黄素、芳姜黄酮、杨梅素、橙酰胺、3,6'-二芥子酰蔗糖和白藜芦醇降低了M1小胶质细胞炎症标志物，同时增加了M2标志物。穿心莲内酯、萝卜硫素、雷公藤内酯醇、文冠果苷、胡椒碱和新型植物提取物抑制了淀粉样β诱导的小胶质细胞M1激活，还预防了小胶质细胞介导的坏死性凋亡和凋亡。在帕金森病中，细辛脑、高良姜素、黄芩素和α-山竹黄酮降低了氧化应激和促炎细胞因子，如白细胞介素（IL）-1、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α在M1激活的小胶质细胞中的水平。此外，月桂烯、淫羊藿苷和伸筋草提取物预防了含NOD样受体家族pyrin结构域蛋白3炎性小体和小胶质细胞神经毒性，而β-香附酮、香茅醇、川陈皮素和牛磺酸预防了NADPH氧化酶2和核因子κB激活。此外，其他营养保健品如大车前苷、獐牙菜苦苷、尿石素A、苦参酮、芫花和提取物在治疗帕金森病方面显示出有前景的神经保护作用。在亨廷顿舞蹈病中，接骨木果、姜黄素、红叶苋、人参皂苷Rb1、ginsenoside Rg1和波米黄酮在对抗小胶质细胞激活和改善患者症状方面显示出有前景的结果。同时，亚麻酸、白藜芦醇、人参皂苷Rg1、淫羊藿苷和黄芩素在实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎和多发性硬化症中保护细胞免受激活的巨噬细胞和小胶质细胞的侵害。此外，大黄素、没食子酸酯和迷迭香酸酯、贝壳杉黄酮和青藤碱为多发性硬化症提供了有前景的治疗方法。本综述强调了使用营养保健品治疗涉及小胶质细胞相关途径的神经退行性疾病的治疗潜力。
