Makker Kartikeya, Zhang Mingyu, Wang Guoying, Hong Xiumei, Aziz Khyzer B, Wang Xiaobin
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
Precis Nutr. 2022 Aug 18;1(2):e00013. doi: 10.1097/PN9.0000000000000013. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Understanding of maternal and fetal factors affecting leptin, adiponectin, and adiponectin:leptin ratio at birth may provide valuable insights into potential future risk of metabolic alterations and inform primordial prevention and precision nutrition strategies. The objective of this study is to identify maternal and fetal risk factors that affect leptin and adiponectin levels (markers of adiposity) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (a marker of dysfunctional adipose tissue) at birth.
We studied mother-infant pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort. Cord blood was collected at birth. We used student - tests to compare log normalized cord leptin and adiponectin levels. Regression analysis was performed to examine the association of maternal and fetal factors with leptin and adiponectin levels and adiponectin:leptin ratio at birth in both term and preterm infants.
We analyzed 1012 infants (245 preterm). Both cord leptin and adiponectin were higher in term infants than preterm infants (10.2 ± 0.9 9.2 ± 1.3, < 0.0001 and 9.5 ± 0.7 8.9 ± 0.8, < 0.0001, respectively). Cord leptin was higher for Black infants (10.1 ± 1.1 9.9 ± 1.2; < 0.001) although Black (ref: non-Black) infants had lower cord adiponectin levels (9.3 ± 0.8 9.5 ± 0.7; = 0.01). Ratio of adiponectin to leptin (log normalized) was higher in preterm infants (-0.24) term infants (-0.69). On regression analysis, cord leptin was positively associated with longer gestational age (GA), birth weight score, Black race, maternal overweight and obesity, gestational diabetes and pregestational diabetes mellitus and negatively associated with male sex. Cord adiponectin was positively associated with GA, birth weight score and negatively with Black race and male sex. Adiponectin:leptin ratio was positively with male sex and negatively with GA, birth weight score, Black race, gestational DM, pregestational DM and maternal overweight and obesity.
We identified several factors that affect leptin and adiponectin levels along with adiponectin-leptin ratio at birth beyond GA and birth weight which could also play an important role in influencing the trajectory of these hormones and future cardiometabolic outcomes. This knowledge can help tailor precision nutrition interventions.
了解影响出生时瘦素、脂联素及脂联素与瘦素比值的母婴因素，可能为未来代谢改变的潜在风险提供有价值的见解，并为初级预防和精准营养策略提供依据。本研究的目的是确定影响出生时瘦素和脂联素水平（肥胖标志物）以及脂联素/瘦素比值（脂肪组织功能失调标志物）的母婴风险因素。
我们对波士顿出生队列中的母婴对进行了研究。出生时采集脐带血。我们使用学生 t 检验比较对数标准化后的脐带瘦素和脂联素水平。进行回归分析以检查母婴因素与足月和早产婴儿出生时瘦素和脂联素水平以及脂联素：瘦素比值之间的关联。
我们分析了1012名婴儿（245名早产）。足月婴儿的脐带瘦素和脂联素均高于早产婴儿（分别为10.2±0.9对9.2±1.3，P<0.0001和9.5±0.7对8.9±0.8，P<0.0001）。黑人婴儿的脐带瘦素较高（10.1±1.1对9.9±1.2；P<0.001），尽管黑人（参考：非黑人）婴儿的脐带脂联素水平较低（9.3±0.8对9.5±0.7；P = 0.01）。早产婴儿脂联素与瘦素的比值（对数标准化）高于足月婴儿（-0.24对-0.69）。在回归分析中，脐带瘦素与较长的孕周（GA）、出生体重评分、黑人种族、母亲超重和肥胖、妊娠期糖尿病和孕前糖尿病呈正相关，与男性性别呈负相关。脐带脂联素与GA、出生体重评分呈正相关，与黑人种族和男性性别呈负相关。脂联素：瘦素比值与男性性别呈正相关，与GA、出生体重评分、黑人种族、妊娠期糖尿病、孕前糖尿病以及母亲超重和肥胖呈负相关。
我们确定了几种影响出生时瘦素和脂联素水平以及脂联素 - 瘦素比值的因素，这些因素超出了GA和出生体重的影响，它们在影响这些激素的变化轨迹和未来心脏代谢结局方面也可能发挥重要作用。这些知识有助于制定精准营养干预措施。
