Gruber Brittany L, Rawal Yash, Irabor Priscilla, Sellers Elizabeth A C, Pylypjuk Christy, Dolinsky Vernon W, Wicklow Brandy A
Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, 601 John Buhler Research Centre 715 McDermot Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada.
Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Research Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025 Mar 5;25(1):238. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07169-z.
Dysregulated adipokine levels are associated with type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. Adiponectin and leptin are involved in nutrient transport, thereby affecting fetal growth and metabolism. We aimed to determine whether type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes were associated different levels of serum and cord blood adiponectin, leptin, insulin and offspring birthweight.
Serum, cord blood, gestational age and birthweight were collected for First Nations mothers and infants who were enrolled in the Next Generation Cohort Study. A total of 173 maternal and 188 neonatal samples were available for analysis. Of those, 136 were matched maternal infant dyads that we used for paired mother-infant analyses. Pairs were sorted into groups based on maternal diagnoses of pre-existing type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes or no diabetes (control). Adiponectin and leptin were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
Mothers with gestational diabetes had lower serum adiponectin (6.48 ± 3.64 µg/mL) in the third trimester relative to mothers with type 2 diabetes (8.55 ± 5.24 µg/mL, p < 0.05) or no diabetes (7.73 ± 3.47 µg/mL). However, cord blood adiponectin was lower only in normal weight pregnancies complicated by type 2 diabetes. Cord blood glucose, insulin and leptin were increased in infants of type 2 diabetes mothers and increased leptin was positively correlated with maternal leptin and birth weight. Female infants exposed to pregestational type 2 diabetes had a significantly higher birthweight z-score than female control infants.
In this study, exposure to type 2 diabetes, but not gestational diabetes, impacted cord blood levels of glucose, insulin and leptin and birthweight. Collectively, these factors may contribute to the greater impact of pregestational type 2 diabetes exposure on offspring health relative to gestational diabetes.
脂肪因子水平失调与2型糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病相关。脂联素和瘦素参与营养物质转运，从而影响胎儿生长和代谢。我们旨在确定2型糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病是否与血清及脐血中脂联素、瘦素、胰岛素的不同水平以及后代出生体重有关。
收集参与下一代队列研究的原住民母亲及其婴儿的血清、脐血、孕周和出生体重。共有173份母亲样本和188份新生儿样本可供分析。其中，136对母婴样本用于配对母婴分析。根据母亲是否患有孕前2型糖尿病、妊娠期糖尿病或无糖尿病（对照组）将样本分组。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法测量脂联素和瘦素。
与患有2型糖尿病的母亲（8.55±5.24μg/mL，p<0.05）或无糖尿病的母亲（7.73±3.47μg/mL）相比，患有妊娠期糖尿病的母亲在孕晚期血清脂联素水平较低（6.48±3.64μg/mL）。然而，仅在合并2型糖尿病的正常体重妊娠中脐血脂联素水平较低。2型糖尿病母亲的婴儿脐血葡萄糖、胰岛素和瘦素水平升高，瘦素升高与母亲瘦素和出生体重呈正相关。暴露于孕前2型糖尿病的女婴出生体重z评分显著高于女性对照婴儿。
在本研究中，暴露于2型糖尿病而非妊娠期糖尿病会影响脐血葡萄糖、胰岛素和瘦素水平以及出生体重。总体而言，相对于妊娠期糖尿病，这些因素可能导致孕前2型糖尿病暴露对后代健康的影响更大。
